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Chem/Phys > Week 1 Day 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Day 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Log(x)=y

A

10^y=x

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2
Q

Y=mx+b Calculate slope:

A

M= (y2-y1)/(x2-X1)

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3
Q

Accuracy

A

How close the average of measured values are to the true value

  • assessed by the percent error of measurement
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4
Q

Precision

A

How close the measured values are to each other

  • assessed by calculating the standard deviation of measurements
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5
Q

% error

A

(Measured value-“true” or accepted value)/true or accepted value

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6
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Quantifies the amount of variation (precision) of data values. Low standard deviation indicates data points are close to the mean.

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7
Q

Peta (P)

A

1015

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8
Q

Tera (T)

A

1012

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9
Q

Giga (G)

A

109

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10
Q

Mega (M)

A

106

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11
Q

Kilo (k)

A

103

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12
Q

Hecto (h)

A

102

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13
Q

Deca (da)

A

10

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14
Q

Deci (d)

A

10-1

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15
Q

Centi (c)

A

10-2

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16
Q

Milli (m)

A

10-3

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17
Q

Micro (µ)

A

10-6

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18
Q

Nano (n)

A

10-9

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19
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Describe a data set; used to organize and summarize the data

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20
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Used to draw conclusions about the data

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21
Q

Population

A

The group from which data is collected

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22
Q

Sample

A

A subset of a population

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23
Q

Variable

A

A characteristic of any member of a population possibly differing in quality or quantity from one member to another

24
Q

Categorical variables

A

Variable with qualitative values:

nominal

ordinal

dichotomous

25
Q

Continuous variables

A

Can be measured along a continuum:

internal

ratio

26
Q

Nominal variable

A

no intrinsic order.

Ex. Description of shirt

27
Q

Ordinal variables

A

Have order, but not necessarily at equal intervals

Ex. Rating of tofu

28
Q

Dichotomous

A

Only 2 values

Ex. Male/ Female

29
Q

Interval

A

numberical value and is measured

Ex. Height, age, # years as nurse

30
Q

Ratio

A

Numeric, measured value with a 0

Ex. height, years as nurse

31
Q

Range

A

highest value to lowest value

32
Q

Interquartile range

A

75th percentile - 25th percentile

33
Q

SEM

A

Standard error of mean- measures the accuracy for which the sample represents the population

34
Q

Null hypothesis

A

there is no difference between the things being tested

35
Q

T-test

A

t = (Mean1 – Mean2) / √(SEM12 + SEM22)

36
Q

chance error

A

Random variations. T-test will tell us if the results were caused by chance

Bigger sample size fixes this error.

37
Q

Bias

A

Systematic variation

  • selection bias
  • measurement bias
  • analysis bias
38
Q

Confounding

A

An underlying variable that affects the variable that you are testing for

Ex. Testing for avg height of SRNA students at a military CRNA school. Military is more likely to be male, males are more likely to be taller

39
Q

DOE

A

Disease Oriented Evidence

blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose

40
Q

POEM

A

Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters

mortality and morbidity

41
Q

Clinical trial

A

Experimental study where exposure is decided by investigator

42
Q

Randomized controlled trial

A

“double blind” clinical trial

43
Q

Cohort Study

A

People with a variable (e.g. Hypertension) and people without are identified and followed for a long time

44
Q

Case-Control Study

A

Identified subjects with certain variable and a control group without and looks back in time (chart review)

Works well for rare diseases.

45
Q

Cross-Sectional Study

A

Identifies presence or absence of a disease and an exposure at the same time.

Ex. Asking a random group of people a bunch of questions at a fair. You don’t get any answers, just more questions.

46
Q

Case Report

A

Reports about a single part or series of pets with certain disease. Usually offers a hypothesis but does not test hypothesis b/c there is no comparison group.

47
Q

Incidence

A

number of new diagnoses or events

48
Q

Prevalence

A

of persons in populations affected by a disease at a specific time divided by the number of persons in the population at the time

49
Q

Relative risk

A

ratio of the incidence of disease in exposed group/incidence of disease in unexposed group

50
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability of the test to identify correctly those who have the disease

number of subjects with positive test who have the disease divided by all subjects who have the disease

51
Q

Specificity

A

The ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease

of subjects with negative test and no disease divided by the # of subjects with no disease.

52
Q

Positive predictive value

A

Probability of disease in a patient with a positive test.

53
Q

Negative predictive value

A

probability of not having the disease if he has a negative test result

54
Q

Odds ratio

A

odds of exposure in the group with disease / the odds of exposure in the control group

55
Q

exact number

A

can be reproducibly determined by counting or is defined

*have infinite precision and significan figures

*are NOT obtained using measuring devices

56
Q

density

A

m/v

57
Q

specific gravity

A

density of substance/density of water

Chem/Phys (11 decks)

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