Week 1 (chp. 1-5) Flashcards
What year was the DOT charges with developing EMS standards
1966
When was the NREMT founded
1970
NEMSS Act was passed by congress when
1973
Ambulance on scene within
9 minutes
1st to the scene, activate the EMS system, control the scene, and prep for ambulance
EMR (police)
Basic level medical and trauma care, transport to facilities
EMT
Provides additional advances level care
AEMT
All skills of EMT and AEMT with additional skills
Paramedic
You don’t need oxygen for about __ after cardiac arrest
10 minutes
Number one responsibility of EMT
Personal safety
An EMT should be able to carry up to
125 pounds
Continuous self review with the purpose of identifying aspects within the system that require improving.
Quality improvement
Physician who assumes responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system,
Medial director
Standing orders issues by the medical director that allow EMTs to give certain medications
Off line medical direction
Protocols are developed by the
Medical director
Policy/protocol that authorizes EMTs and others to perform certain skills in certain situations
Standing orders
Most states require refresher training for E M T s every: A. 1 to 2 years. B. 5 to 7 years. C. 2 to 4 years. D. 4 to 5 years.
C
Who is accountable for the activities of E M S personnel within the E M S system? A. E M T–Intermediate B. E R nurse C. Medical Director D. shift commander
C
3.Which of the following is NOT a role or responsibility for an EMT? A. Transfer of care B. Personal safety C. Lifting and moving D. Providing medical direction
D
The level of E M S training in which the emphasis is on activating
the E M S system and controlling immediate life-threatening emergencies is:
A. EMR.
B. E M T.
C. A E M T.
A
Lists of steps, such as assessment and interventions, to be
performed in different situations by EMS personnel are known
as:
A. protocols. B. care directives. C. enhanced QA. D. EMD s.
A
What is one outcome of medical research for E M S? A. Evidence-based techniques B. New E M S shift designs C. Better E M S documentation D. Improved ambulance design
A
The modern Emergency Medical Services (E M S) system has been developed to
provide what is known as….
Pre hospital or out of hospital care
The type of specialty hospital in which surgery teams are available on a round-the-
clock basis is the .
Trauma center
The specially trained E M S personnel who obtain information about emergency
situations from callers and who also provide instructions for emergency care to
callers are .
EMD
Ways EMT can participate in public health
Public vaccination programs, disease surveillance, injury prevention for youth and geriatric
Many states use the National Registry examinations as their
certification exams.
True
All body fluids should be considered
Infectious
Equipment that protects EMS worker from infection and exposure to danger
PPE
What kind of gloves are required
Vinyl or non latex
When should you change gloves
Between patients
Eye and face protection must cover
Front and sides
What masks should you wear if patient has tuberculous
N95 or HEPA
Wear gowns when…
Pregnant , multiple injuries, arterial bleed
Causes inflammation of the liver and can live on surfaces in dried blood
Hepatitis
Deadly, killed hundreds of health care workers before vaccine
Hep. B
Acquired through blood, food, or water contaminated by stool
Hep a
Infects lungs, airborne, highly contagious
TB
Set of conditions that results when immune system has been attacked by HIV, no cure
AIDS
Attacks immune system so that your body can’t fight off infection
HIV
Hemorrhagic fever, affected US in 2014
Ebola
Spreads through respiratory droplets
SARS
Found in poultry, not easily transmissible between humans
Avian flu
Pandemic flu, killed many in 1918
Influenza
OSHA standard on blood borne pathogens requires
Infection control to be the joint responsibility of employer and employee
Under the Ryan White CARE Act, the officials in every
emergency response organization who gather facts about
possible emergency responder exposure to infectious diseases
are the:
A. reporting officers.
B. logistics officers.
C. designated officers.
D. on-scene officers.
C
Allows EMS to find out if they have been exposed to life threatening diseases….
Ryan white care act
The test that can detect exposure to tuberculosis is the: A. P S A test. B. T S T test. C. S A T test. D. Elisa test.
B
Equipment and procedures that protect you from the blood and
body fluids of the patient are referred to as:
A. infective body fluid measures.
B. isolated infection controls.
C. preventive control substance standards.
D. Standard Precautions.
D
The goal of critical incident stress debriefing is to:
A. assign blame for the incident.
B. assist patients to recover.
C. assist emergency care workers in dealing with the stress of an incident.
D. allocate funds for ambulance services.
C
The first stage of stress is also known as: A. alarm reaction. B. resistance. C. exhaustion. D. surprise.
A
The reaction to death and dying in which a patient seeks to
postpone death, even for a short time, is:
A. anger.
B. bargaining.
C. acceptance.
D. denial.
D
The agency that has issued strict guidelines detailing
precautions against exposure to bloodborne pathogens is the: A. U.S. Department of Transportation. B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. D. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
C
The three words that sum up the actions required to respond to danger are: A. run, regroup, reattack. B. plan, observe, react. C. observe, react, control. D. evade, escape, eliminate.
B
A delayed stress reaction is more commonly known as a(n): A. overload. B. toxicity. C. burnout. D. posttraumatic stress disorder.
D
What happens in the alarm phase of stress
Fight or flight, sympathetic nervous system increase and more cortisol produced
2nd stage of stress
Stage of resistance
Stage 3 of stress
Exhaustion
What stress reaction is linked to catastrophe
Acute
Delayed stress reactions
PTSD
Burnout stress reaction, results of years of low sustained stressors
Cumulative
Stages of death and dying in order
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
If hazardous materials suspected…
Notify haz mat team and don’t treat until decontaminated
The 3 R’s in react
Respond (using distance and cover), radio (for help), and reevaluate ( don’t enter crime scene unless secured my police)
The ___________________ ___________________ is the time between contact and first
appearance of symptoms.
Incubation period
Hepatitis B and H I V/AIDS are examples of diseases that are transmitted by contact
with ___________________ .
Blood
Signs and symptoms of a(n) ___________________
include the onset of difficulty breathing or chest pain just after a catastrophe.
Acute stress reaction
The E M T’s first priority at scenes involving violence is to be certain that the
___________________ ___________________ ___________________ .
Scene is safe
H I V/AIDS presents a greater risk to health-care workers than
hepatitis and T B.
False
The proper use of your body to facilitate lifting and moving a patient is called
Body mechanics
When would you use an emergency move
Scene is hazardous
Care of life threatening conditions requires repositioning
You must reach other patients
In an emergency move… move the patients
In direction of long axis of the body
Examples of emergency moves
Clothes drag, incline drag (head first), blanket drag
When would you use urgent moves
- Requires treatment can be performed only if patient is moved
- Patient moved to support breathing or to treat shock or altered mental status
- Factors at the scene cause patient decline
Urgent moves usually involves
Moving patient to backboard and when spinal injury precautions are performed
Head of the stretcher can be elevated for
Cardiac patients with no spine injury
Power stretches are good for
Lifting patient from ground level, and reduce back injury
__ are ideal when patients have difficulty breathing
Stair chair
What board is great when removing patients from vesicles with possible neck or spine injury
Long board
Place a __ on patient with suspected spine or neck injury
cervical collar
Perform a __ when no suspected spine injury
Extremity lift, draw sheet method
Positioning for someone who is unresponsive with no spine injury
Recovery position
Patient with shock in what position
Supine
When possible, it is safer and more efficient to move a patient over distances
on what device.
Wheeled
Major cause of EMT injuries is __ while lifting
Twisting
When using the power grip, hands should be kept at least
inches apart when possible.
10
Usually patients are transported over rough terrain via a(n) __
stretcher.
Basket
To slide a patient from an ambulance stretcher to a hospital bed, the E M T
would use the -
method.
Draw sheet
When pushing or pulling,
, whenever possible.
Push
Avoid reaching how many inches in front of body
20
ApatientisfoundseatedinthefrontseatofaCarafteracollision. What board
Long backboard
Anelderlywomanhasfallenbetweenthetoiletandthe
bathtub.
Scoop stretcher
Ahunterhastwistedherkneeinthewoods.
Basket stretcher
Afactoryworkermustbemovedthroughnarrowsectionsbetweenmachines.
Flexible stretcher
Scope of practice vs standard of care
Scope= what you can do Standard = how you do it
Informed consent=
Expressed consent
Implied consent falls under
Assumed
If unconscious patient…what consent
Assumed consent
Involuntary transportation occurs if
Patient is a threat, court order, or decision by police or mental pro
When patient refuses care.,,
Must be fully informed, legally able to consent, awake and oriented, asked to sign a release form
Lawsuits against EMTs are usually classified as
Torts
EMT failed to provide standard of care expected or failed to act
Breach of duty
Patient suffered from harm because of EMT action or inaction
Proximate causation
When handing off patient to hospital or others, you must hand them over to someone with
Equal or greater training
Obligation to provide care to patient
Duty to act
Allow person to drop off an infant or child at any fire stations police, or ems service
Safe haven, 72 hour infant
Must report what kind of cases…
Abuse, human trafficking, violence, sexual assault, drunk people with injuries, or mentally incompetent with injuries
Authority granted to a teacher or other adult by a child’s parents
to make treatment decisions in their absence is called:
A. res ipsa loquitur.
B. implied consent.
C. in loco parentis.
D. informed consent.
C
Mentally competent adults of legal age who accept care from an E M S crew are said to give: A. guardian consent. B. implied consent. C. partial consent. D. expressed consent.
D
Minors who are married or of a certain age and who are legally
able to give consent for medical care are known as: A. emancipated. B. released. C. practiced. D. responsible.
A
A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his
physician, stating that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts is called a(n): A. res ipsa loquitur.
B. D N R order.
C. consent form.
D. P O L S T.
B
A person whom the signer of a document names to make health care decisions in case the signer is unable to make such decisions is called a(n): A. proxy. B. assistant. C. designated agent. D. safe haven
A
Legislative measures intended to provide legal protection for
citizens and some health care personnel who administer emergency care are known as: A. First Responder laws. B. E M S Acts. C. Helping Hands legislation. D. Good Samaritan laws.
D
An E M T’s obligation in certain situations to provide care to a patient is referred to as a(n): A. standard of care. B. scope of practice. C. advance directive. D. duty to act.
D
A D N R order is one example of a(n):
A. Good Samaritan law.
B. confidentiality agreement.
C. consent form. D. advance directive.
D
Once police have made the scene safe, the priority of the E M T at a crime scene is to: A. preserve evidence. B. contact dispatch. C. provide patient care. D. assist the investigation.
B
The extent and limits of the job that the E M T does are referred to as: A. duty to act. B. professional practice. C. limits of liability. D. scope of practice.
D
Simply stated, liability means: A. moral responsibility. B. ethical responsibility. C. legal responsibility. D. referred responsibility.
B
When dealing with children and mentally incompetent adults, the
___________________ and ___________________ have the legal authority to give
consent.
Parents and guardians
If all efforts fail and the patient does not accept your care or transportation, you must
have the patient sign a(n) ___________________ __________________
Release form
The only time that confidential information about a patient may be disclosed is when
the patient has signed a(n) ___________________ ___________________ .
Written release
List the two things that must be monitored frequently when transporting a restrained
patient.
Mental status and vital signs
List the three conditions that must be proven for a legal finding of negligence to be
made against an E M T.
EMT had duty to the patient, didn’t provide standard care, or caused harm to the patients
Patients who are mentally competent have the right to refuse medical
care.
True
Patient lying on back
Supine
Patient lying on stomach
Prone
CPAP stands for
Continuous positive airway pressure
The elbow is __
to the shoulder because the elbow is
farther away from the torso than the shoulder.
Distal
What suffix describes inflammation
Itis
The shoulder is __ to elbow
Proximal
The term __ refers to a position farther away from the midline.
Lateral
