Exam 3 Flashcards
Prescribedinhalersandepinephrine
autoinjectorshaveasimilar
effectonpatientsinthattheycan:
Increase heart rate
Epinephrineisanexampleofadrug’s:
Generic name
Theclearplastictubingthatconnectsthe
fluidbagtoaneedleorcatheterinintravenous
therapyiscalledthe
______
set.
Administration
Crushingchestpaininapatientwitha
knownhistoryofheart
problemswouldbetreatedbyadministering:
Nitro
What are the 5 rights of administering drugs
Do I have the right patient Is this the right medication Is this the right dose Is this the right route Is it the right time
Common side effects of inhalers
Higher heart rate and jitters
Examples of prescribed inhalers
Albuterol and levalbuterol
suspensionusedto
treatapoisoningoroverdoseinwhichthesubstancewasswallowed.
Activated charcoal
isadministeredtoa
consciouspatient(abletoswallow)withan
alteredmentalstateandahistoryof
diabetes.
Oral glucose
drugusedtotreatanypatientwhosemedicalor
traumaticconditioncauseshimtobehypoxicorindangerofbecominghypoxic.
Oxygen
Manypatientswithrecurrentchestpaincarry pills.
Nitro
EverydrugormedicationintheUnitedStatesis
listedinthe __ whichisacomprehensive
governmentpublication.
us Pharmacopoeia
Everydrughas__ orspecificsigns,symptoms,or
circumstancesunderwhichitisappropriatetoadministerittoapatient.
Indications
3 names of a drug
General
Chemical
Trade (brand)
Form of activated charcoal
Suspension
Side effects of nitro
Low blood pressure
Constrictsthebloodvesselsandrelaxesairway
passages, Increasedheartrateandbloodpressure
Epinephrine
Antidote for a patient who is unconscious and in respiratory failure from narcotic
Narcan
Bronchodilator inhaler enlarges…
Constructed breathing tubes
Nitroglycerin helps
Dilate coronary vessels
Epinephrine is a
Vasoconstrictor
What % of people have an ischemic stroke if they have 1 FAST SYMPTOM
70
Force protection medications…
Atropine auto injector
An example of a compressed powder or tablet is
Nitro
An example of a sublingual spray
Nitro
A parenteral route means
Bypassing the GI tract
What route makes it difficult to absorb a medication if bad circulation
Sublingual
If a medication is absorbed SL its absorbed by the
Vascular soft tissue
When giving a drug IN use a
Atomizer
Injected into bone marrow cavity
Intraosseous
What kind of patients have a difficult time eliminating medications
Geriatric
After giving a medications…
Reassess patient
Medication that may be prescribed to patient for dolly management of respiratory disease. Not used for emergency treatment
Advair
Insufficient flow of an IV can cause
Clots
Inspiration is a __ process
Active
Air pulled into lungs, diaphragm lowers and ribs move up and out
Inhalation
Breaths per minute for adult, school age child, and infant
12-20
18-30
30-60
First organ affected by hypoxia
Brain
No air into lungs, ominous in children is a
Silent chest
What kind of respirations are seen before respiratory arrest
Agonal
In children, with their airway they have…
Larger tongue Smaller trachea Smaller airway Less developed cricoid cartilage Heavy dependence on diaphragm
Bag valve ventilations for adult vs child
Adult is 10-12
Child is 12-20
Nonrebreather mask required __ breathing to pull oxygen into lungs
Adequate
What won’t vibe ventilation to a patient not breathing or inadequately
NBM
Effect of hyperventilating
Constricts blood vessels, elimination of more CO2
The pulse rates on adults will. __ when there is a lack of oxygen
Increase
__ pulse rates can indicate inadequate artificial ventilation in kids
Decreasing
In patients with difficult breathing observe…
Barrel chest, tripod position, altered mental status, work of breathing, pale or cyanosis skin, edema, noisy breathing
Crackles and rhonchi are in the
Lower airway
Do not put a __ in child’s mouth to examine airway because it can result in spasms or injury
Tongue depressor
Decreased heart rate can be a late sign of
Difficulty breathing
High pitched, air moving through narrow passage
Wheezing
What sound is Heard in inspiration and caused by fluid in alveoli or by opening of closed alveoli
CrackLes
Lower pitched, resembles snoring, caused by secretions in airway
Rhonci
Upper airway sound, high pitch, obstruction
Strider
CPAP is a __ procedure
Noninvasive
Blowing oxygen continuously at a low pressure into airway prevents
Alveoli rom collapsing
Can prevent fluid from entering alveoli in pulmonary edema
CPAP
Depressants are also known as
Barbiturates
Mixing ammonia and other chemicals can lead to an
Explosion
Never use CPAP in situations where
Artificial ventilations would be indicated
Don’t give CPAP if
Lack of normal respiratory rate, can’t sit up, hypotension, upper GI bleed
Side effects of CPAP
hypotension, pneumothorax, risk of aspiration, drying of corneas
Broad classification of chronic lung disease
COPD
Number one cause of COPD
Smoking
Bronchiole lining inflamed, excess mucus produced, clubbing digits
Chronic bronchitis
Pursed lip breathing, alveoli walls break down , lungs lose elasticity, CO2 trapped in lungs
Emphysema
In asthma what breathing phase is longer
Exhalation
Chronic disease with episodic exacerbations, bronchioles narrow and muscles overproduced
Asthma
Airway flow is restricted in 1 direction
Wheezing in asthma
Abnormal fluid accumulation in alveoli
Pulmonary edema
Pressure builds up in pulmonary capillaries and patient experiences dyspnea
Pulmonary edema
CHF patients often have
Pulmonary edema
Treatment of patients with Pulmonary edema
Keep legs in dependent position, CPAP, low sodium
Infection in the lungs, results from inhalation of microbes
Pneumonia
Rupture of a bleb, lung collapses without injury, decreased or absent lung sounds on injured lung side
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Tachycardia, JVD, hypotension, and smoking, tall or thin people are at higher risk
Spontaneous pneumothorax
CPAP contraindicated with
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Commonly caused by DVT
Pulmonary embolism
Blockage in blood supply to lungs
Pulmonary embolism
Common reasons for DVT
Laying down in same position for a long time, active cancer, limb immobilized
Signs of pulmonary embolism
Breathing worsens in and out, swelling in leg, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea
Primary result of childhood vaccination against haemophilus influenza type B
Epiglottitis
Infection causing swelling around and above epiglottis, common with children
Epiglottitis
Caused by group of viral illnesses, inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Croup
Tissues in upper airway become swollen, loud barking cough, inspiratory strider
Croup
Croup common in ages
6 months to 4 years
Broncholitis is common in the
Fall and winter
Small airways inflames because of viral infection
Bronchiolitis
Most common cause of bronchiolitis
Respiratory syntactical virus (RSV) kids less than 5
Half of people with CF are
18 and up
Genetic, appears during childhood, causes thick mucus in lungs and digestive system
CF
Viral respiratory infections are common in. ___ and symptoms can last. __
Adults, 1-2 weeks (influenza)
With viral respiratory infections what are treatment options
Oxygen with hypoxia and bronchodilator for wheezing, good hygiene
The prescribed inhaler is a
Metered dose
When giving prescribed inhaler, have patient exhale deeply and hold breath for ___ . Wait ___ between administration
5-10 seconds, 15-30 seconds
Small volume nebulizer is a
Metered dose
Produced continuous flow of aerosolized medication that can be taken during multiple breaths
Small volume neb
Hold breath for __ with nebulizer
2-3 sec
First line agent to treat bronchoconstiction
Duo neb
Dilates bronchioles passageways by engaging beta receptors with sympathetic NS
Albuterol
Blocs bronchoconstriction associated with parasympathetic NS
Ipatropium bromide
What numbers are concerning with tachycardia and bradycardia
150, 50
Inaninfantorachild,bradycardiaisasignof:
Respiratory failure
Aconditionininfantsandsmallchildreninwhichthemovement
ofthediaphragmcausesthechestandabdomentomovein
oppositedirectionsiscalled:
Seesaw breathing
Allofthefollowingarecontraindicationsfor CPAPuseEXCEPT: A. tachycardia. B. chesttrauma. C. hypotension. D. poormaskseal.
A
muscularstructurethatdividesthechest
cavityfromtheabdominalcavity.
Diaphragm
patientwhousesseveralpillowstoprophimselfupwhensleepingmaybe
sufferingfrom .
Pulmonary edema
Blockageduetonarrowingofthebronchithatleadfromthetracheatothelungsis
knownas .
Bronchoconstriction
Shortness of breath
Dysnpnea
patient meets nitroglycerin criteria, the maximum number of doses that
can be administered is:
3
Which of the following is NOT a sign of congestive heart failure? A. Jugular vein distention B. Crackles C. Urticaria D. Pulmonary edema
C
malfunction of the heart’s electrical system will generally result in a(n
Dysrhythmia
contraindication for the administration of
nitroglycerin?
Viagra taken
Patients suffering from an occlusion or narrowing of the coronary arteries suffer from
______
CAD
first organ perfused by oxygenated blood leaving the heart is the:
Heart
The V1 lead for a 12-lead E C G is placed:
A. in the 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line.
B. in the 5th intercostal space on the anterior axillary line.
C. at the level of the 4th intercostal space just to the right of the sternum.
D. at the level of the 4th intercostal space just to the left of the sternum.
C
The blocking of a coronary artery by the formation of a
thrombus or by an embolism is known as
Acute MI
two most common sites of aneurysms that you will
encounter in emergency situations are the:
Aorta and brain
The blanket term that refers to any time the blood supply to the cells of the heart is
blocked or disrupted is ___________________ ___________________ .
Cardiac compromise (ACS)
pulse rate slower than 60 beats per minute is
Bradycardia
pulse rate faster than 100 beats per minute is
Tachycardia
Most heart problems in infants and small children are ___________________ in
nature.
Congenital
With coronary artery disease, the amount of blood passing through the artery is
Reduced
Angina pectoris, literally “a pain in the chest,” is most often brought on by
Stress and exertion
The condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood with normal
efficiency is called ___________________ ___________________ .
Heart failure
Nitroglycerin should only be administered if the patient’s systolic blood pressure is
above ___________________ .
90
A clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an
artery or vein
Thrombus
Dilation of a weakened section of an arterial wall
Aneurysm
Moving blood clot or plaque that broke loose from an artery wall
Embolism
Condition in which part of the heart muscle dies from oxygen
starvation
Acute MI
Blockage, as of an artery by fatty deposits
Occlusion
Pain in the chest due to reduced supply of blood and oxygen
to a portion of the heart muscle
Angina
Acute coronary syndrome, __ BP and __ heart rate
Increased
Hypoxia condition of the heart
Ischemia
Chest discomfort that radiates to jaw neck shoulders abdomen, dyspnea common in older people and women, irregular pulse
ACS
Grabbing clutching chest is
Levine sign
Look for __ in physical exam of ACS
Acute pulmonary edema, fluid on left side, swollen ankles and feet on right side
12 lead ECG measures the
Anterior part of the heart, last thing to change during heart attack
If ECG is normal with chest pains give
Aspirin
Order of medications for chest pain
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitro
Max dose of aspirin
325 mg PO
Don’t give aspirin if
GI bleed, blood thinners, allergic, aspiration risk
You can __ with nitro if prescribed
Assist
Viagra is a
Vasodilator
After giving a dose of nitro, reassess and repeat dose in __ if partial relief
5 minutes
Risk factors of coronary artery disease
Hereditary, hypertension, obesity’s increase blood cholesterol, smoking
Insufficient flow to myocardium
Angina
If pain exerts itself and stops once rested, it is known as
Stable angina
Nitro __ blood vessels
Dilates
Hardened plaque can cause aneurysm of a blood vessel
Acute MI
Acute MI can cause
Ischemia, dysrhythmias, carcinogenic shock
Disrupts electrical function of heart
Ischemia
Right sided heart failure include
Pressure build up in right atrium and SVC
jvd
Pedal edema
Abdomen swelling
Left sided heart failure
Pressure build up in pet atrium and pulmonary vein
Fluid leaks into alveoli
Impaired gas exchange
Pulmonary edema
Look for ____ with heart failure and acute pulmonary edema
Edema, crackles, swelling in as stomach, JVD, pink frothy sputum
Bursting of an aneurysm can cause
Internal bleeding
Normal BP by AHA
110/70
Arrhythmias to worry about
Ventricular fib and tach
Sodium and potassium in the heart make the heart
Squeeze
Sodium in heart regulated by
Insulin
Pulseless electrical activity indicates
Mechanical failure
Are all examples of ___ heart failure: loss of normal heart structure, MI, chronic hypertension, loss of valve function
Mechanical
Electrical dysfunction of the heart include
Asystole, unusually slow or fast rhythm, v fib and v tach
Complete failure of electrical system
Asystole
Abrupt onset of dysrhythmia, oxygen levels normal in beginning
Sudden cardiac arrest
Acute blunt trauma to chest
Commotion cordis
Heart stopped pumping due to systemic hypoxia , low oxygen levels
Asphyxial cardiac arrest
Primal reflex during cardiac arrest
Agonal respiratiojsn
Cardiac arrests in children are usually
Asphyxia
Cardiac arrest in children caused by
Respiratory problem, choking
SUIDS has an __
Unknown cause
Accidental suffocation and strangulation can result in
SIDS
Late sign of heart failure
Pink frothy sputum
Increases temperature is a sign of
Pericarditis
Cardiac slowdown and sleep apnea signs of
SUIDS
Unless rigor mortis, provide __ in SUIDS
Resuscitation
Handplacement of CPR
Lower third of patients sternum
CPR With one rescuer and 2 rescuer infant
1 rescuer= 2 finger chest
2 = thumbs around chest
5 elements of improving cardiac arrest survival
- Recognition and activation of ERS
- Immediate high quality CPR
- Rapid defibrillation
- BAsic and advanced Ems
- ALS and post arrest care
CPR maintains
Cerebral and coronary perfusion pressures
Concerned with what with narcan
Breathing
Range of blood glucose
70-110
Compression depth in adults and infants
2 inch, 1.5 or 1/3 diameter
Elbows should be _ during CPR
Locked
Pivot point to __ in CPR
Waits
Compressions __ CPR
100-120 per minute, aim for compression fraction above 90%
Ventilations in CPR for pediatrics with 2 rescuers
15:2
Mechanical CPR device
LUCASCPR
Sends single shock from negative pad to positive pad
Monophasic AED
Sends shock in one direction and then other
Biphasic AED
Triangle of life consists of
Compressions, attached AED, and airway management and ventilations
Swelling in upper airway
Angioedema
It alone while providing compressions, for adults __ for children __
attach AED first then adult compressions
Begin CPR then attach AED for kids
Check pulse every __ if resuscitation is successful
30 seconds
Once you start resuscitation you continue until
Spontaneous circulation occurs, too exhausted, cease resuscitation order, turn care over
Croup can lead to
Epligollistis
Cardiac arrest for hypothermia and submersion injuries…
Attempt defibrillation and wait again until core temp is 86 before attempting again
The most important component of successful C P R implementation is:
Quality compressions
The first step in assessing a patient in cardiac arrest is to:
Verify pulselessness and apnea
If a patient has an artificial pacemaker, it is usually visible as a lump: A. above the sternum. B. below the sternum. C. above a clavicle. D. below a clavicle.
D
Pediatric defibrillator pads should be used for defibrillation of
any child who is less than: A. 13 years old. B. 6 years old. C. 10 years old. D. 8 years old.
D
Allthefollowingaresignsorsymptomscommonlyassociatedwitha diabeticemergencyEXCEPT: A. anelevatedheartrate. B. combativeness. C. seizures. D. hot,dryskin.
D
GlucoseisadministeredbytheEMTintheformofa: A. tablet. B. liquidforinjection. C. nasalspray. D. gel.
D
Thetypeofdiabetesthatrequiresapatienttoinjectsupplementaldosesof
syntheticinsulinis:
Type 1
Ifapatientdrinkslargeamountsofwater,has
acetonebreath,andhas
warmskin,youwouldsuspect:
Hyperglycemia
Themostcommoncauseofseizuresininfants
andchildrensixmonthsto
threeyearsofageis:
Hugh fever
Theconditioninwhichapersonhasatemporarylossofconsciousnesswith spontaneousrecoveryiscalled A. atrophy. B. syncope. C. unresponsiveness. D. dizziness.
B
Thetypeofseizurecharacterizedbyunconsciousnessandmajormotor activityiscalled: A. complexpartialseizure. B. focalsensoryseizure. C. Jacksonianseizure. D. tonic-clonicseizure.
D
Thephaseofatonic clonicseizureinwhichthebodyjerksaboutviolentlyisthe:
Clonic
Theconditioninwhichastrokeseverelylimitsapatient’sabilitytousewordsis called: A. ischemia. B. dyspnea. C. aphasia. D. syncope.
C
Afterconvulsionshaveceased,apatientwithaseizuredisordershouldbe transported: A. inaproneposition. B. ontheirside. C. withfeetelevated. D. inatripodposition.
B
Bloodsugarcannotpassfromthebloodstreamintothebody’scellswithout
Insulin
Themostcommonmedicalemergencyforpatientwhoisdiabeticisacondition
called
Hypoglycemia
oftenbecontrolledwithoutsupplemental
insulinthroughsuperviseddietandoralmedication.
Type 2
Twoormoreconvulsiveseizuresinaroworasingleseizurelasting10minutesor
moreisdefinedastheconditioncalled___________________
Status epilepticus
Document level of consciousness or after meds in a patient with altered mental status every
5 minutes
Diseases to impact pancreas
Alcoholism
Insulin acts as a
Gateway
Glucose is large and cannot pass through cell withou
Insulin
Pancreas secretes insulin when blood glucose exceeds
90
Pancreatic cells don’t function properly, too little insulin
Type 1
Need to be __ for oral glucose
A and o x 3
Body’s fat cells fail to utilize insulin
Type 2
Hypoglycemia caused by
Too much insulin Too little sugar intake Increased metabolic rate Vomiting Overexertion
Onset is __ in hypoglycemia
Rapid
Treatment of hypoglycemia
Oral glucose
Caused my insulin deficiency, infection, stress, increased dietary intake, slow onset
Hyperglycemia
Increased urination is a sigh of
Hyperglycemia
Build up of wastes and combined with dehydration
DKA ketoacidosis
Signs of DKA
Blood glucose around 400 Shock Increased eating drinking and urination Acetone odor Expel molecules through metabolic rate (coos mows rate- on exhalation)
Continuous glucose meters can test every __ minutes by sensor under skin
5 minutez
Less thank 60 mg/dL
Greater than 140 mg/dL
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Greater than 300 mg/dL
Dehydration
Reading of high
Reading of low
500 mg/dL, 15 mg/dL
Oral glucose only helps
Hypoglycemic people
If normal respiratory rates but snoring use a
NPA
Partial seizures affect
1 part of the brain
Generalized seizures affect
All Brain and consciousness
Steps of a tonic clonic seizure
Tonic
Clonic
Postictal
Patients know, seizures proceeded by a sensation
Aura
Most common cause of seizures in adults
Failure to take medications
In heat stroke, what organ shuts off first
Kidney
What is eclampsia
High blood pressure and excess protein in urine results in sezures in pregnant women or after giving birth
If present during seizure…
Don’t try to hold patient still
If vagus nerve stimulator, family members apply magnet
Abnormal behavior that includes looking like drunk, fidgeting, glassy stare, no loss of consciousness but no memory of episode
Complex partial sezuire
Brief 10 second temporary loss of concentration of awareness, no motor activity
Absence (petit mal) seizure
Generalized seizures are
Tonic clonic and absent
BlockGs that occurs from clot or embolism obstructing artery
Ischemic stroke
Bleeding from ruptured blood vessel in brain
Hemorrhage stroke
Results from high blood pressure or weak area of artery bulges and ruptures
Hemorrhage stroke
Hemiparesis
1 sided weakness
Difficulty communicating
Aphasia
Patient knows what they want to say but uses wrong words
Inexpressive aphasia
Patient can understand you buy responses don’t make sense
Inreceptive aphasia
Patient exhibits stroke signs that resolve in 24 hours
TIA
Hypoxia period is short and no permanent damage in
TIA
Use CPSS to assess for
TIA
Patients criteria for clot busting drugs
Onset of stroke less than 3 hours prior
CT scan shows no hemorrhage
BP not hypertensive
Greatest danger with syncope patient is
Falling
During anaphylaxis, blood vessels
Blood vessels dilate rapidly causing hypotension
On first exposure of allergic reaction
On second exposure
Antibodies form
Antibodies combine with allergen, release histamine
What happens during spectrum of rxn during allergic rxn
Blood vessels dilate
Flushing of skin
Bronchoconstriction
Urticaria (hives)
During allergic reaction, heart rate __ and __ BP
Increases, decreases
Epinephrine does what for blood vessels and bronchioles
Constricts blood vessels and dilates bronchioles
Doses for epi
- 3 mL adults
0. 15 mL kids
Signsandsymptomsofanallergicreactionincludeallofthe followingEXCEPT: A. itching. B. pale,coldskin,. C. decreasedbloodpressure. D. wateryeyes.
B
Anaphylaxisisdifferentiatedfromanallergic
reactionby
Respiratory distress
Whenadministeredasamedication,epinephrinewillaccomplishall ofthefollowingEXCEPT: A. constrictbloodvessels. B. lowerbloodpressure. C. dilatethebronchioles. D. improveperfusion.
B
Administrationofepinephrineneedstobe
carefullydocumentedBecause of effects on the
Heart
Tomanageapatient’sairwayandbreathingduringanallergicreaction,anEMT
shouldapply___________________ -___________________ ___________________
througha___________________ ___________________ .
High concentration oxygen, Nonrebreather
epinephrinewill___________________ blood
vesselsandimprovethe___________________ oftissues.
Constrict, perfusion
A disease that may be passed from one person to another is:
Communicable
A microbe that is not a cell and that has a protein coat or shell that encloses what it needs to reproduce is a:
Virus
Microbes that can cause yeast infections are:
Fungi
The time from exposure to the development of first symptoms is the:
Incubation period
During the local infection stage of sepsis, the body: A. increases white blood cells. B. produces lactic acid. C. causes vasoconstriction. D. decreases vascular permeability.
A
During septic shock, lactic acid and other chemicals accumulate in the bloodstream, producing \_\_\_\_\_\_ and leaky capillaries. A. vasoconstriction B. bronchoconstriction C. vasodilation D. bronchodilation
C
life-threatening condition that results from an abnormal and
counterproductive response by the body that causes damage to
tissues and organs is called:
Sepsis
A problem involving the gastrointestinal system that can develop
into sepsis is:
Pancreatitis
Causes of sepsis from lungs
Pneumonia
A type of hepatitis spread by the fecal oral route is:
A
Each year, an influenza vaccine is released that works against
______
that scientists believe will be most common that season.
Several viruses
Washing the exposure site is one of the postexposure actions for: A. chickenpox. B. pertussis. C. croup. D. H I V.
D
Antibiotics that used to be effective may no longer work because of bacteria developing: A. resistance. B. virulence. C. toxicity. D. susceptibility.
A
SIRS criteria
Temp lower than 96.8 and higher then 101
Heart rate over 90
Respiratory rate over 20
Systolic bp lower than 90
Quick sepsis related organ failure assessment doesn’t
Predict if someone is septic, predicts if patient will die or has to stay in ICU
__cause yeast infections, ___________________ can cause malaria, and
___________________ such as tapeworms live off the body without providing any benefit.
Fungi, Protozoa, parasites
Rabies virus infection is almost always fatal if the virus enters the body through the
___________________ , most often from the bite of an infected animal.
Blood steam
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is a
well-known cause of death.
Meningitis
Patients with chickenpox are isolated to prevent spread of the disease until all of the
___________________ have dried and have crusts on them.
Lesions
With measles, small white or bluish-white spots called ___________________ spots may
appear on the inside of the cheek.
Koplik
disease caused by paramyxovirus that typically starts with vague
symptoms such as muscle aches, loss of appetite, and headache.
Mumps
with hepatitis A may be asymptomatic, so they can spread the disease
easily and unknowingly.
Children
Following H I V exposure, ___________________ in the form of antiviral
medication can be prescribed for 28 days.
PEP, POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
The incubation period for influenza ranges from ___________________ to ___________________ days
but is typically ___________________ days.
1-4, 2
People with latent ___________________ confirmed by skin or blood testing will be put on one
or more antibiotics for 6–9 months.
Tuberculosis
H P V causes genital warts and is the causative agent of ___________________ cancer in
women.
Cervical
strength of the microbe in combating the body’s defenses.
Virulence
The incubation period for hepatitis B is __
60-90 days
TheannualnumberofpoisoningcasesintheUnitedStateseach
yearismorethan:
2 million
Moderntreatmentofingestedpoisoningandoverdoseconsists
primarilyof: A. administrationofanantidote. B. preventionofabsorption. C. inducementofvomiting. D. dilutionofapoisonoussubstance.
B
Themostfrequentvictimsofpoisoningare:
Children
Ischemic stroke vitals
200/100 High bp (vasoconstriction), pulse and respiratory rate normal
Hemorrhage stroke vitals
High BP, low pulse of 40, pulse fluctuates
Number one cause of aneurysm
High bp
treatingcasesofinhaledpoisons,thedrugoffirstchoiceis:
A. activatedcharcoal. B. syrupofipecac. C. glucose. D. oxygen.
D
Allthefollowingaretypicalsignsandsymptomsofcarbonmonoxide
A. cherryredskin. B. cyanosis. C. nausea. D. alteredmentalstatus.
A
Theprimarystepintreatingapatientwithabsorbedliquidpoisoning
is:
A. administrationofoxygen.
B. irrigationoftheskin.
C. neutralizationoftheacidoralkali. D. administrationofanantidote.
B
Mind affectingdrugsthatactonthecentralnervous
systemtodistort
sensoryperceptionsareknownas:
Hallucinogens
Whenapatienthasingestedapoison,provideventilationsthrougha(n)
Pocket face mask
Theprincipalprehospitaltreatmentofinhaled
poisoningconsistsof
Maintain airway and support ventilation
Alcohol affects the
CNS
Thepatientsufferingfromalcoholwithdrawalmayexperienceseizures,or
.
Delirium tremens
Cleaningfluid,glue,andmodelcementarecommonlyabused
Volatile chemicals
Adult poisoning from
Accident or deliberate medication overdose
Blown pupil affects
Pulse
Pressure in head trauma results in
Projectile vomiting
Works through absorption allowing substances to attach to its surface
Activated charcoal
Contradictariona of activated charcoal
Can’t swallow, mental status altered, ingested acids or alkalis, active vomiting, or swallowed gas
What used to be the preferred treatment for poisoning
Syrup of ipecac, induces vomit with one dose
Dilution amount for adults and children
Adults= drink 1-2 glasses of water or milk Child= drink. 1/2 to 1 glass
Water may __ while milk may
Slow absorption, soothe stomach
Acetaminophen poisoning effects
4-12 hours= loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
1-2 days= right upper quadrant pain and jaundice
Give antidote with acetaminophen positing in the first
12 hours
Vasodilation __ BP
decreases
A band around the head, headache is a symptom of
CO poisoning
Always check the ¥¥ with ischemic stroke
Time since last normal
Remove powder of an absorbed position by brushing it off and irrigating it with clean water for at least
20 minutes
Any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or where cause is unknown
Idiopathic
Stimulants such as cocaine or meth that affect the CNS and excite user
Uppers
Depressants such as benzodiazepines that depress CNS
Downers
Roofies or rohypnol are
Dormers
GHB is a
Downer
Georgia Home Boy or goop, produces sense of euphoria and hallucinations, causes reparatory depression
Downers, GHB
Ecstasy is a
Hallucinogen
CO if inhaled will cause
Prevents normal carrying of oxygen on red blood cells, hypoxia
Painthatoriginatesinthewallsofthehollow
organsiscalled:
visceral
Thin membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering each organ
Peritoneum
Attached to the abdominal wall
Parietal peritoneum
Covers each organ
Visceral peritoneum
Fewer nerve endings allow for only diffuse sensations of pain, dull or achy
Visceral pain
Described as sharp, localized to a specific area, many nerve endings allow for pain that’s easier to locate
Parietal pain
Painthatisfeltinaplaceotherthanwhereit
originatesiscalled:
Referred
Whichofthefollowingsignsindicatesinternalbleeding? A. Greenishemesis B. Sweetsmelltoemesis C. Mucousinemesisandfeces D. Coffee-ground-likeemesis
D
Whichtypeofmedicationcancausebleedinginthestomach? A. Diabetesmedication B. Aspirin C. Epinephrine D. Albuterol
B
Whattermisusedtoindicatevoluntaryorinvoluntaryprotecting
oftheabdomentopreventfurtherpainuponpalpation?
A. Guarding
B. Reacting
C. Checking
D. Auscultation
A
Thebestpositioninwhichtoplaceaconsciouspatientwith acuteabdominalpainis: A. therecoveryposition. B. prone. C. apositionofcomfort. D. guarded.
C
retroperitonealspacecontainswhichofthefollowing organs? A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Spleen D. Gallbladder
A
patientwithpainintherightlowerquadrant
(RLQ)ismostlikelysufferingfromwhichofthefollowing?
Appendicitis
Tearingpainthatisfeltinthebackisasymptomofwhatseriousmedicalproblem?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Severe flank pain suffering from
Renal colic
Irritation of peritoneum, usually by foreign material, sensitive and especially to acidic substances
Peritonitis
Hole in muscle layer of abdominal wall, allowing tissue or organs to protrude up against skin
Hernia
Fertilized embryo implants outside the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy
Older people have a __ ability to perceive pain
Decreased
What quadrant is a position of comfort for airway protection
LLR
Stay at least __ feet from psycho patient
3
Tenth leading cause of death US
suicide
Themedicalconditionmostlikelytocausearapidonsetoferraticbehavior, dizziness,andprofuseperspirationis: A. lowbloodsugar. B. lackofoxygen. C. headtrauma. D. stroke.
A
Amedicalconditionthatcancloselymimicapsychiatricconditionis:
A. lowbloodsugar. B. depression. C. psychosis. D. catatonia.
A
Intalkingwithabehavioralpatient,anEMTshouldtakeallofthefollowing
actionsEXCEPT: A. identifyinghimself. B. avoidingdirecteyecontact. C. beingashonestaspossible. D. standingatleastthreefeetfromthepatient.
B
highestsuiciderateshavebeenfoundinpeople
ages:
15-25
Patientswhohavebeenimproperlyrestrained
maydieofatypeofbreathing
impairmentknownas
Positional asphyxia
Extremely agitated or psychotic behavior
Excited delirium
diseasecausedbyageneticdefectinapatient’shemoglobiniscalled: A. sicklecelldisease. B. coagulopathy. C. anemia. D. hemophilia.
A
Renalpatientswhosebloodisfilteredthroughaspecialized
machineareundergoing:
Hemodialysis
ThevibrationthatcanbefeltbytheEMTwhenapatient’sA-Vfistulaisgentlypalpatediscalled:
Thrill
End stagerenalpatientswhomisstheirdialysistreatmentsare athighriskfor: A. acuteCOPD. B. cardiacarrest. C. acutebronchoconstriction. D. cardiactamponade.
B
liquidpartofthebloodthattransportsnutrients.
Plasma
ESRDpatientswhomissadialysistreatmentmayhavesymptomsverysimilarto
CHF
Most commonly transported organ
Kidney
Sicklecellpatientsareathigherriskofhaving
thedestroyedbythedisease.
Spleen
Common age of sickle cell anemia
30s and 40s
Common potassium levels for
3-3.5
UTI most common in
Elderly female
UTI caused by __ can result in
Bacteria, pylonephritis
Kidney stone pain is __ and made of __
Retropareitemal Calcium
Renal failure Results from shock or toxic ingestion
Acute
Renal failure inherited or secondary to damage from uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension
Chronic
What percent recieve hemodialysis
90
Special fluid infused into abdominal cavity to absorb waste
Peritoneal dialysis
Gravity exchange process repeated several times a day
CAPD
Machine used to fill and empty abdominal cavity while person sleeps
CCPD
