Exam 2 Flashcards
WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthescenesize-up?
A.Determiningthemechanismofinjury
B. Determiningthenumberof
patients
C. Establishinganairway
D.Takingbodysubstanceisolationprecautions
C
Scene size up should take place
At beginning and throughout the entire call
Most important part of patient assessment
Chief complaint
Vitals are taken when
After primary assessment, more thorough in secondary
Blood pressure 1 year to puberty
80 + 2 x age
When the artery expands, blood moves through arteries in waves
Pulse
Concerned with what during the pulse
Rate and quality and rhythm
During emergency, it’s not abnormal for pulse rates to temp be between
100-140
Find __ pulse in patients one and up
Radial
Infant 1 or younger what kind of pulse
Brachial pulse
What are the elements of scene size up
BSI Scene safety Moi Noi Additional resources Number of patients C spine
Whentherearenoapparenthazards,thedangerzoneatthe
sceneofavehiclecollisionshouldextendatleast:
50 feet in all directions
Whenfuelhasbeenspilledatamotor-vehiclecollision,the
dangerzoneshouldbeextendedatleast:
100 ft in all directions
When a veichle is on fire
At least 100 ft in all directions
Check __ when hazardous materials involved
Emergency response guidebook
When wires are down…
1 full span of wires away from poles
Age 65 is considered
Geriatric
Biggest threat of violence is
Domestic violence
BSI stands for
Body substance isolation
Forces that may have caused injury
Mechanism of injury
Always assess from
Head to toe
If a patient is critical or unresponsive in a roll over collisions
Put c collar on outside
A fall or an adult is
More than 20 feet or 3x height
A fall for Children under 15
More than 10 feet or 3x child’s height
Injury causes by an object that passes through the skin of other body tissues
Penetrating trauma
In penetrating trauma, the injury is classified by
The velocity of the item that caused the injury
Low velocity injuries are
Knife, bat, stick
Pressure related damage
Cavitation
Damage directly from a projectile
Medium/high velocity injuries (guns)
Injury caused by a blow that strikes the body but penetrate skin or other tissues
Blunt force trauma
Signs are often subtle and can be overlooked in a
Blunt force trauma
Ineverymotorvehicleaccidentthereareactuallyhowmanycollisions? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
B
Duringscenesize-upatamultiple-vehiclecrash,itisimportant
todeterminethenumberof
patientsbecause:
A.additionalEMSresources
mayhavetobecallediftherearemorepatientsthanthe
firstcrewonthescenecan
handle.
B.runreportsarerequiredforeachpatient
C. Als must be called if there aremorethantwopatients.
D. themediamustbegiven
accurateinformation.
A
Responsible for overall coordination of activities
Incident commander
If hazardous material is known, seek advice from
CHEMTREC through commander
Park __ from wreckage if hazardous materials
Upwind
During a shooting, while police clear the scene you should
Stage somewhere
When breathing, you take in __ but __ is dead space
500, 150
existsaroundthewreckageof
everyvehiclecollision,within
whichspecialsafetyprecautionsmustbetaken.
Danger zone
5.Duringscenesize-uptheEMTmustmaintainahigh___________________
___________________ ___________________ basedonthemechanismof
injury.
Index of suspicion
7.Withamedicalpatient,
findingoutwhatisormaybewrongwiththepatientis
calledidentifyingthe___________________
NOI
In a head on collision, type of injuries can be
Head to toe
In rear end collision, injury can be
Head, neck, chest
In side impact collision, injury can be
Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, thighs
Theportionoftheassessmentthatisdesignedtoidentifyandtreatimmediately
lifethreateningconditionsis
calledthe:
Primary assessment
Actions taken to correct or manage a patients problems are
Interventions
When an EMT feels that a patient doesn’t Look right, this is
Clinical judgment
Inanypatientwithsuspectedspinalinjury,anEMTshould
apply
manualstabilization:
Right on first contact with patient
Ifapatientisnotalertandisbreathingless
than8breathsaminute,theEMTshould:
A. beginmouth-to-mouthventilations.
B. givehigh-concentrationoxygenviaanonrebreathermask.
C. ventilatewithapositive
pressuredeviceand100
percent oxygen
C
Poor circulation in skin is
Clammy
Assessment more reliable for children than taking the BP
Capillary refill (no more than 2 seconds)
Respiratory problem =
High priority
When checking mental status use
AVPU
Reason EMS was called is the
Chief complaint
ABCS stand for
Airway, breathing, circulation
If patient appears lifeless, no pulse than what is the order of ABC
CAB
If CPR and bleeding control aren’t required, then
Administer oxygen
Always suction before
Ventilation
Steps of primary assessment
Forming gene to impression
Assess mental status (AVPU) and stabilize head or neck
assess ABCs
Determine patient priority
Assess the ____ in breathing
Rate quality depth
What determines mental status for A and O
Person place time
Breathing in what percent of oxygen
21
The pediatric triangle includes
Appearance, circulation, breathing
Gets a feel about patients condition from environment observations and first look at patients, identities critical patients
The look test
What is the sign for chest pain
Levine sign
What kind of approach is best when treating patients
Systematic
With circulation, assess the
Skin, pulse, bleeding
When should you initiate priority transport
Life threat problems can’t be controlled and declined responsiveness
To check the mental status for an infant
Shout and flick feet
If there is trauma in the airway vs medical
Jaw thrust, head tilt chin lift
For breathing, if in respiratory arrest
Rescue breaths
If depressed mental status and inadequate breathing
Give positive pressure ventilations with 100% O2
If a patient if in cardiac arrest
CPR
TheratingontheAVPUscalethatindicatesthemostseriousmentalstatusis
___________________ .
U
Ifapatientisalertandhisbreathingrateismorethan24breathsperminute,
provide100percentoxygenby___________________ ___________________ .
Nonrebreather mask
Inchildandinfanttraumapatients,theairwayisopenedbymovingtheheadshoto
a___________________ .
Neutral
Ifapatientisnotalertandherbreathingrateisslowerthan8breathsperminute,
provide___________________ -___________________ ____________
High pressure ventilations
Signs that can indicate shock
Anxiety, pale, clammy, high heart rate, low blood pressure
How to treat shock
Supine, warmth, give oxyegn
An EMT should be most concerned with a pulse rate maintained above: A. 60 beats per minute. B. 80 beats per minute. C. 100 beats per minute. D. 120 beats per minute.
D
In case of shock or later stages of blood loss, an E M T would
expect the pulse to be:
Rapid and thready
If an E M T has trouble finding the radial pulse on a conscious patient, he should first: A. try the other side of the same wrist. B. press more gently. C. use the thumb to palpate the pulse. D. try the wrist on the other arm.
D
A person is considered febrile if he has a temperature greater than
101.3
If pulse is above __ or above. __ or below __
150, 120, 50
Excessive pressure on the carotid can
Slow heart
If pulse isn’t normal, take the pulse for
60 seconds
In cases of children and infants, an EMT can expect to find the highest normal respiration rates in a(n): A. adolescent. B. preschooler. C. 9-month-old infant. D. newborn.
D
If you can’t find a pulse and patient is talking to you…
Ventricular assist device
Propels blood continuously and not in waves, no change in pressure
Ventricular assist device
When checking pupils look for
Size equality and reactivity
With head injuries, pupils are
Unequal
When deflating the cuff of a sphygmomanometer, the “systolic”
blood pressure is the:
1st sound
Normal pulse oxygen
94-99
Respiration concerned with
Rate and quality
Adults respiratory rate
12-20
Slight movement of chest or abdomen
Shallow
Crowing breathing means
Prompt transport
If snoring….
Open airway
For unstable patients, EMT should take vitals
Every 5 mins
Normal blood glucose level
70-100 mg/dL
Constricted blood vessels results in what color skin
Pale
Pale skin indicates
Blood loss, shock, bad circulation
Flushed skin indicates
Heat, excited
To determine temperature
Feel the patients forehead with back of hand
If the patient is cold on the skin, place had in the
Abdomen
Cap refill in patients
Under 6