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EMT > Chapters 6-10 > Flashcards

Chapters 6-10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Whenthebodycannotgetenoughoxygen,itmakesATPvia:

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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2
Q

Principal organ of renal system

A

Kidney

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3
Q

Thedivision(region)ofthespinalcolumnthatissubjecttoinjurybecauseitisNOTsupportedbyanotherpartoftheskeletonisthe:

A

Lumbar region

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4
Q

Inferiorly the knee connects with the

A

Tibia and fibula

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5
Q

Afterinhaledairgoesthroughthelarynx,the

NEXTpartoftherespiratorysystemtheairpassesasitmovestothelungsisthe:

A

Trachea

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6
Q

Thechamberthatpumpsoxygen-richbloodoutoftheheartfordistribution to the rest of the body is the

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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8
Q

Pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is the __. Into the heart __

A

Systolic, diastolic

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9
Q

Thebloodvesselswheregases,nutrients,andwasteproductsare
exchangedbetweenthebody’scellsandthebloodstreamarethe:

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

Theadequatesupplyofoxygenandnutrientstothecellsofthebodyiscalled:

A

Perfusion

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11
Q

Thesubstancethatregulatesacidityandis

Produced bythekidneysiscalled:

A

Bicarbonate

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12
Q

Endocrine system produces chemicals called

A

Hormones

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13
Q

Body functions such as digestion and heart rate are controlled by the

A

ANS

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14
Q

Bones are connected to bones by

A

Ligaments

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15
Q

Muscles connected to bones by

A

Tendons

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16
Q

Kidney filters out waste called

A

Urea

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17
Q

Spinal column is made up of

A

33 vertebrae

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18
Q

The __ contains the heart lungs and major blood vessels

A

Thoracic cavity

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19
Q

The __ contains the acetabulum and the ball at the proximal end of the femur

A

Hip joint

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20
Q

Elbow is an example of a

A

Hinge joint

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21
Q

8.Thepropertythatallowsthehearttogenerateandconductelectricalimpulsesonits
ownis___________________ .

A

Automaticity

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22
Q

Duringrespiration,gasexchangewiththebloodstreamtakesplaceinthesmallsacs
called___________________ .

A

Alveoli

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23
Q

Thepassivesectionoftherespiratorycycleinwhichtheintercostalmusclesand
diaphragmrelaxisknownas___________________ .

A

Exhalation

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24
Q

Therespiratoryanatomyofinfantsandchildrendiffersfromthatofadultsinthatthe
___________________ isnarrower,softer,andmoreflexible.

A

Trachea

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25
Q

Becausethechestwallsofinfantsandchildrenaresofter,theyrelymoreonthe

A

Diaphragm

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26
Q

The___________________ ___________________ carriesoxygenatedbloodfromthe
lungstotheheart.

A

Pulmonary veins

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27
Q

Whentheleftventricleoftheheartisrelaxingandrefilling,thepressureremainingin
thearteriesisthe___________________ bloodpressure.

A

Diastolic

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28
Q

Theperipheralnervoussystemismadeupof___________________ nervesand
___________________ nerves.

A

Sensory and motor

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29
Q

Theheartmusclehasitsownbloodsupply

throughthe

A

coronaryarterysystem.

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30
Q

The__isthestrongestandmost

muscularpartoftheHeart

A

leftventricle

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31
Q

Theepidermiscontainsnobloodvesselsornerves. t or f

A

True

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32
Q

Major veins in the body

A

Pulmonary, SVC, IVC

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33
Q

Fraction of the concentration of oxygen in the air that people breathe is known as

A

Fio2

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34
Q

Volume of air that’s moved in and out is called

A

Tidal volume

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35
Q

The force exerted by large proteins in the blood that tends to pull water away from the body cells and into the bloodstream is called

A

Plasma oncotic pressure

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36
Q

Pressure created inside the blood vessels that pushes fluid out of the vessels is called

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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37
Q

Amount of blood that returns to the heart prior to contraction is called

A

Preload

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38
Q

The amount of blood moved by the heart in one minute is called

A

Cardiac output

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39
Q

Degree to which fluid and substances can pass through the capillary wall

A

Permeability

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40
Q

After load is a function of

A

Systemic vascular resistance

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41
Q

Cardiac output is found by multiplying the

A

Stroke volume by heart rate

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42
Q

When either perfusion or ventilation is not adequate to supply the body, it is called a

A

V/Q mismatch

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43
Q

Hypersensitivity is also known as

A

Allergic reaction

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44
Q

plays a major role in the regulation of the dilation and constriction of blood vessels

A

ANS

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45
Q

The concentration of oxygen in the air that a person breathes is called the

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen

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46
Q

Astartledinfantwhoreachesoutandgrabswithherfingersandarmsisexhibitingthe:

A

Moro reflex

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47
Q

Childrenbegintobeinvolvedwithpeergroupswhentheyreach:

A

Preschool

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48
Q

Oneofthemostobviouschangeinschoolage

childrenisthelossoftheir:

A

Primary teeth

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49
Q

Growth spurts during

A

Adolescent

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50
Q

Cancer develops in the stage of life known as

A

Middle adulthood

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51
Q

Depression and suicide common in

A

Adolescent

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52
Q

Aninfant’sabilitytograbyourfingerwhenyou

placeitinhisorherpalmiscalledthe

A

Palmar reflex

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53
Q

Describes the infants need for an orderly predictable environment

A

Trust vs mistrust

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54
Q

Children spend less Time with their parents and require more general supervision during what age

A

School age

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55
Q

Childrenwhoreachadolescenceoftenbeginengagingin__ behaviors.

A

Self destructive

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56
Q

Peak physical condition during ages

A

19-26

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57
Q

Stages of lifespan

A

Infancy, toddler, preschool, school, adolescence, early adulthood, middle, late

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58
Q

Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure of infant

A

90-160, 24-30 per min, 90 mmHg

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59
Q

Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure for toddler

A

80-140, 24-40, 90 + age x2

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60
Q

Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure preschool

A

70-120, 22-34, 90 + agex2

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61
Q

Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure school age (6-12)

A

65-120, 18-30, 90 + age x2

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62
Q

adolescence (13-18) Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure

A

60-100, 12-20, 107-117 or less than 120

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63
Q

Turns head to the side when cheek is touched

A

Rooting reflex

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64
Q

Posterior fontanellea close in __ and anterior closes __

A

2-3 months, 9-18 months

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65
Q

Brain is 90% of adult brain by

A

Toddler phase

66
Q

By _ all teeth should come in

A

36 months

67
Q

Task orientation develops during

A

Middle adulthood

68
Q 
Cervical 
Thoracic 
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
A 
7
12
5
5
4
69
Q

Largest long bone

A

Femur

70
Q

Smaller bone of the leg, lateral

A

Fibula

71
Q

Voluntary skeletal muscle is responsible for

A

Movement

72
Q

Airway path

A

Mouth and nose, oropharynx, nasopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs

73
Q

Had cricoid cartilage in lower position

A

Larynx

74
Q

Diaphragm controlled by

A

phrenic nerve

75
Q

During inhalation, diaphragm moves __ and intercostals contract __

A

Downward, up and out

76
Q

Negative pressure pulls air into lungs

A

Inhalation

77
Q

Movement of gases to snd from alveoli

A

Ventilation

78
Q

Oxygenated blood carried from

A

Lungs to heart

79
Q

SA node is located in the

A

Right atrium

80
Q

SA node vs AV node BPm

A

80, 40-60

81
Q

Transports blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

A

Aorta

82
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

83
Q

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from

A

Lungs to left atrium

84
Q

Central pulse is the

A

Carotid and femoral

85
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in the

A

ANS

86
Q

Produces bile

A

Liver

87
Q

Blood filtration

A

Spleen

88
Q

Adrenal glands secretes

A

Epinephrine

89
Q

Building block of energy

A

Glucose

90
Q

Oxygen comes in from the

A

Arterial side

91
Q

Hormones and adjust body

A

Hypothalamus

92
Q

Heart rate and breathing

A

Medulla

93
Q

Bag mask volume

A

1 L

94
Q

Loss of tone of blood vessels causes

A

Trauma, infection, allergic reaction

95
Q

Excessive permeability causes

A

Sepsis, high altitude, and diseases

96
Q

Body is __ water

A

60%

97
Q

Brain and kidneys regulate

A

Thirst and elimination of excess fluid

98
Q

Most water is held in the

A

Intracellular

99
Q

Stimulate carina

A

Cough

100
Q

What kind of muscle on bronchioles

A

Smooth muscle

101
Q

Lower airway consists of the

A

Trachea below larynx

102
Q

Thefirststepofemergencycareinthepatientwith inadequatebreathingis:

A

openingandmaintainingthepatient’sairway

103
Q

Signsofinadequateairwayinclude: A. wheezing,crowing,orgurglingnoises. B. minimalorunevenchestmovements. C. thepatientbeingunabletospeakinfullsentences. D. alloftheabove.

A

D

104
Q

Duringyourassessmentofa54-year-oldmalepatient,you findthatheisnotbreathing.Yournextstepshouldbeto:

A

beginprovidingartificialventilationstothepatient.

105
Q

Your24-year-oldfemalepatienthasfallenfromtheroofofherhouseandisunconscious.Thebestmethodofopeningherairwayisthe:

A

Jaw thrust

106
Q

Oropharyngealairwayscanbeusedon

__patients

A

Unconscious, no gag reflex

107
Q

NPA doesn’t stimulate a

A

Gag reflex

108
Q

Suction longer then __ if patient continues to vomit

A

10 s

109
Q

Most popular type of suction is the

A

Yankauer

110
Q

Themostcommonimpedimenttoanopenairwayisalackofairway

A

Muscle tone

111
Q

Abdominalbreathingisasignofinadequateairwayinanadult.

A

True

112
Q

High pitched whistling, narrowed upper airway (choking)

A

Stridor

113
Q

Swelling around vocal cords

A

Hoarseness

114
Q

Sound of soft tissue in upper airway, diminished muscle tone

A

Snoring

115
Q

Fluid obstructing the airway, need suction

A

Gurgling

116
Q

Airway procedure best done when patient is

A

Supine

117
Q

Airway has priority over

A

Spine protection

118
Q

people ideally move a head neck or spinal injury

A

3

119
Q

Sniffing positions help

A

Open airway

120
Q

In supine patient, position is achieved by placing about

A

1.5-2 inches of padding behind head

121
Q

Optimal position for opening airway is when the ear is

A

Same level with supersternal notch

122
Q

OPA and NPA want to keep the _ from blocking airway

A

Tongue

123
Q

Don’t use NPA if

A

Trauma on head or face

124
Q

Want the beveled side near the

A

Septum wall

125
Q

Suctioning rules

A

No more than 10 seconds

Suction on the way out

126
Q

Pediatric suctioning use a

A

Bulb syringe

127
Q

Altered mental status means

A

Brain needs more oxygen

128
Q

Diffusion happens in

A

Capillaries

129
Q

Amount of air moves in one breath

A

Tidal volume

130
Q

Low level of oxygen

A

Hypoxia

131
Q

High level of co2

A

Hyper capnia

132
Q

Precursor to respiratory arrest

A

Respiratory failure

133
Q

Compensation working in respiratory

A

Distress

134
Q

Compensation not working in

A

Respiratory fail true

135
Q

If not breathing

A

Respiratory arrest

136
Q

Normal pulse O2 is

A

94-99%

137
Q

Capillary refill

A

2-3 sec

138
Q

Causes of hypoxia

A

Patient trapped in fire, emphysema, narcotic overdose, heart attack, stroke

139
Q

If hypoxic…

A

Administer oxygen

140
Q

Provide artificial ventilation to a

A

Non breathing patient or

141
Q

Relies on a force that’s opposite of the force the body normally uses

A

CPAP

142
Q

Artificial ventilation used when

A

Not breathing or inadequate breathing

143
Q

Hyperventilation leads to

A

Vasoconstriction

144
Q

When venting a patient breathing fast…

A

ventilate fewer times with greater volume

145
Q

If venting a patient that breaths slow

A

Add ventilation in between patients own rate to 12/min

146
Q

Thereductionofbreathingtothepointwhereoxygenintakeorventilation
removalofcarbondioxideisinsufficienttosupportlifeiscalled:

A

Respiratory failure

147
Q

A45-year oldissufferingfromanacuteasthmaattack.Youexpectthepatienttohave:

A

Decreased tidal volume

148
Q

Whichofthefollowingmethodsforproviding
ventilatoryassistanceisconsideredmost
effective?
A. Two-rescuerbag-valvemasktechniquewithhigh-flowsupplementaloxygen
B. Mouth-to-mouthusingoxygen
C. One-rescuerbag-valvemasktechnique
D. Pocketfacemaskwithoutoxygen

A

A

149
Q

. Ifoxygenisconnectedtoapocketfacemask,thesettingontheoxygentank
regulatorshouldbesetto:

A

15 lpm

150
Q

Whatdeviceonabag-valvemaskmaypreventadequateventilation?

A

Pop off valve

151
Q

Anasalcannulashouldbeusedtodeliveroxygentoapatientwho:
A. hasachroniclungdisease.
B. isunderoneyearofage.
C. willnottolerateanonrebreathermask.
D. usesacannulawithahomeoxygensystem.

A

C

152
Q

Oxygencylindersizesvary,butallareconsidered“full”whenpressureis
equalto:

A

2000 psi

153
Q

mostdifficultpartofdeliveringBVMartificialventilationsisobtaininganadequate

A

Mask seal

154
Q

8.Venturimasksallowspecificconcentrationsofoxygenbymixingoxygenwith
___________________ ___________________ .

A

Inhaled air

155
Q

Partialrebreathermasksallowthepatienttorebreatheaboutone-thirdoftheir
___________________ ___________________ .

A

Exhaled air

156
Q

EMT’sbestwaytodeliver
highconcentrationsofoxygentoabreathingpatientbecauseitcanprovide
concentrationsofoxygenrangingfrom___________________ percentto
___________________ percent.

A

Nonrebreather mask, 80-90%

157
Q

MostBVMshaveastandard15/22mm connectiontoproperlyfitfacemasks
andendotrachealtubes.

A

True

158
Q

Adults ventilated, children ventilated

A

10-12, 12-20

159
Q

Supplemental O2 used when there’s

A

SOB, hypoxia, low O2 saturation

160
Q

Nasal cannula don’t exceed

A

4-6 L/min, 1-6 L, 22-44% Oxyegn

161
Q

Tracheotomy mask connected to __ L/min

A

8-10 L/min

162
Q

Hold tube or mask _ inches away in blow by

A

2

EMT (8 decks)

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