Chapters 6-10 Flashcards
Whenthebodycannotgetenoughoxygen,itmakesATPvia:
Anaerobic metabolism
Principal organ of renal system
Kidney
Thedivision(region)ofthespinalcolumnthatissubjecttoinjurybecauseitisNOTsupportedbyanotherpartoftheskeletonisthe:
Lumbar region
Inferiorly the knee connects with the
Tibia and fibula
Afterinhaledairgoesthroughthelarynx,the
NEXTpartoftherespiratorysystemtheairpassesasitmovestothelungsisthe:
Trachea
Thechamberthatpumpsoxygen-richbloodoutoftheheartfordistribution to the rest of the body is the
Left ventricle
Largest artery in the body
Aorta
Pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is the __. Into the heart __
Systolic, diastolic
Thebloodvesselswheregases,nutrients,andwasteproductsare
exchangedbetweenthebody’scellsandthebloodstreamarethe:
Capillaries
Theadequatesupplyofoxygenandnutrientstothecellsofthebodyiscalled:
Perfusion
Thesubstancethatregulatesacidityandis
Produced bythekidneysiscalled:
Bicarbonate
Endocrine system produces chemicals called
Hormones
Body functions such as digestion and heart rate are controlled by the
ANS
Bones are connected to bones by
Ligaments
Muscles connected to bones by
Tendons
Kidney filters out waste called
Urea
Spinal column is made up of
33 vertebrae
The __ contains the heart lungs and major blood vessels
Thoracic cavity
The __ contains the acetabulum and the ball at the proximal end of the femur
Hip joint
Elbow is an example of a
Hinge joint
8.Thepropertythatallowsthehearttogenerateandconductelectricalimpulsesonits
ownis___________________ .
Automaticity
Duringrespiration,gasexchangewiththebloodstreamtakesplaceinthesmallsacs
called___________________ .
Alveoli
Thepassivesectionoftherespiratorycycleinwhichtheintercostalmusclesand
diaphragmrelaxisknownas___________________ .
Exhalation
Therespiratoryanatomyofinfantsandchildrendiffersfromthatofadultsinthatthe
___________________ isnarrower,softer,andmoreflexible.
Trachea
Becausethechestwallsofinfantsandchildrenaresofter,theyrelymoreonthe
Diaphragm
The___________________ ___________________ carriesoxygenatedbloodfromthe
lungstotheheart.
Pulmonary veins
Whentheleftventricleoftheheartisrelaxingandrefilling,thepressureremainingin
thearteriesisthe___________________ bloodpressure.
Diastolic
Theperipheralnervoussystemismadeupof___________________ nervesand
___________________ nerves.
Sensory and motor
Theheartmusclehasitsownbloodsupply
throughthe
coronaryarterysystem.
The__isthestrongestandmost
muscularpartoftheHeart
leftventricle
Theepidermiscontainsnobloodvesselsornerves. t or f
True
Major veins in the body
Pulmonary, SVC, IVC
Fraction of the concentration of oxygen in the air that people breathe is known as
Fio2
Volume of air that’s moved in and out is called
Tidal volume
The force exerted by large proteins in the blood that tends to pull water away from the body cells and into the bloodstream is called
Plasma oncotic pressure
Pressure created inside the blood vessels that pushes fluid out of the vessels is called
Hydrostatic pressure
Amount of blood that returns to the heart prior to contraction is called
Preload
The amount of blood moved by the heart in one minute is called
Cardiac output
Degree to which fluid and substances can pass through the capillary wall
Permeability
After load is a function of
Systemic vascular resistance
Cardiac output is found by multiplying the
Stroke volume by heart rate
When either perfusion or ventilation is not adequate to supply the body, it is called a
V/Q mismatch
Hypersensitivity is also known as
Allergic reaction
plays a major role in the regulation of the dilation and constriction of blood vessels
ANS
The concentration of oxygen in the air that a person breathes is called the
Fraction of inspired oxygen
Astartledinfantwhoreachesoutandgrabswithherfingersandarmsisexhibitingthe:
Moro reflex
Childrenbegintobeinvolvedwithpeergroupswhentheyreach:
Preschool
Oneofthemostobviouschangeinschoolage
childrenisthelossoftheir:
Primary teeth
Growth spurts during
Adolescent
Cancer develops in the stage of life known as
Middle adulthood
Depression and suicide common in
Adolescent
Aninfant’sabilitytograbyourfingerwhenyou
placeitinhisorherpalmiscalledthe
Palmar reflex
Describes the infants need for an orderly predictable environment
Trust vs mistrust
Children spend less Time with their parents and require more general supervision during what age
School age
Childrenwhoreachadolescenceoftenbeginengagingin__ behaviors.
Self destructive
Peak physical condition during ages
19-26
Stages of lifespan
Infancy, toddler, preschool, school, adolescence, early adulthood, middle, late
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure of infant
90-160, 24-30 per min, 90 mmHg
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure for toddler
80-140, 24-40, 90 + age x2
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure preschool
70-120, 22-34, 90 + agex2
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure school age (6-12)
65-120, 18-30, 90 + age x2
adolescence (13-18) Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure
60-100, 12-20, 107-117 or less than 120
Turns head to the side when cheek is touched
Rooting reflex
Posterior fontanellea close in __ and anterior closes __
2-3 months, 9-18 months
Brain is 90% of adult brain by
Toddler phase
By _ all teeth should come in
36 months
Task orientation develops during
Middle adulthood
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx
7 12 5 5 4
Largest long bone
Femur
Smaller bone of the leg, lateral
Fibula
Voluntary skeletal muscle is responsible for
Movement
Airway path
Mouth and nose, oropharynx, nasopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs
Had cricoid cartilage in lower position
Larynx
Diaphragm controlled by
phrenic nerve
During inhalation, diaphragm moves __ and intercostals contract __
Downward, up and out
Negative pressure pulls air into lungs
Inhalation
Movement of gases to snd from alveoli
Ventilation
Oxygenated blood carried from
Lungs to heart
SA node is located in the
Right atrium
SA node vs AV node BPm
80, 40-60
Transports blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
Aorta
Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from
Lungs to left atrium
Central pulse is the
Carotid and femoral
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in the
ANS
Produces bile
Liver
Blood filtration
Spleen
Adrenal glands secretes
Epinephrine
Building block of energy
Glucose
Oxygen comes in from the
Arterial side
Hormones and adjust body
Hypothalamus
Heart rate and breathing
Medulla
Bag mask volume
1 L
Loss of tone of blood vessels causes
Trauma, infection, allergic reaction
Excessive permeability causes
Sepsis, high altitude, and diseases
Body is __ water
60%
Brain and kidneys regulate
Thirst and elimination of excess fluid
Most water is held in the
Intracellular
Stimulate carina
Cough
What kind of muscle on bronchioles
Smooth muscle
Lower airway consists of the
Trachea below larynx
Thefirststepofemergencycareinthepatientwith inadequatebreathingis:
openingandmaintainingthepatient’sairway
Signsofinadequateairwayinclude: A. wheezing,crowing,orgurglingnoises. B. minimalorunevenchestmovements. C. thepatientbeingunabletospeakinfullsentences. D. alloftheabove.
D
Duringyourassessmentofa54-year-oldmalepatient,you findthatheisnotbreathing.Yournextstepshouldbeto:
beginprovidingartificialventilationstothepatient.
Your24-year-oldfemalepatienthasfallenfromtheroofofherhouseandisunconscious.Thebestmethodofopeningherairwayisthe:
Jaw thrust
Oropharyngealairwayscanbeusedon
__patients
Unconscious, no gag reflex
NPA doesn’t stimulate a
Gag reflex
Suction longer then __ if patient continues to vomit
10 s
Most popular type of suction is the
Yankauer
Themostcommonimpedimenttoanopenairwayisalackofairway
Muscle tone
Abdominalbreathingisasignofinadequateairwayinanadult.
True
High pitched whistling, narrowed upper airway (choking)
Stridor
Swelling around vocal cords
Hoarseness
Sound of soft tissue in upper airway, diminished muscle tone
Snoring
Fluid obstructing the airway, need suction
Gurgling
Airway procedure best done when patient is
Supine
Airway has priority over
Spine protection
people ideally move a head neck or spinal injury
3
Sniffing positions help
Open airway
In supine patient, position is achieved by placing about
1.5-2 inches of padding behind head
Optimal position for opening airway is when the ear is
Same level with supersternal notch
OPA and NPA want to keep the _ from blocking airway
Tongue
Don’t use NPA if
Trauma on head or face
Want the beveled side near the
Septum wall
Suctioning rules
No more than 10 seconds
Suction on the way out
Pediatric suctioning use a
Bulb syringe
Altered mental status means
Brain needs more oxygen
Diffusion happens in
Capillaries
Amount of air moves in one breath
Tidal volume
Low level of oxygen
Hypoxia
High level of co2
Hyper capnia
Precursor to respiratory arrest
Respiratory failure
Compensation working in respiratory
Distress
Compensation not working in
Respiratory fail true
If not breathing
Respiratory arrest
Normal pulse O2 is
94-99%
Capillary refill
2-3 sec
Causes of hypoxia
Patient trapped in fire, emphysema, narcotic overdose, heart attack, stroke
If hypoxic…
Administer oxygen
Provide artificial ventilation to a
Non breathing patient or
Relies on a force that’s opposite of the force the body normally uses
CPAP
Artificial ventilation used when
Not breathing or inadequate breathing
Hyperventilation leads to
Vasoconstriction
When venting a patient breathing fast…
ventilate fewer times with greater volume
If venting a patient that breaths slow
Add ventilation in between patients own rate to 12/min
Thereductionofbreathingtothepointwhereoxygenintakeorventilation
removalofcarbondioxideisinsufficienttosupportlifeiscalled:
Respiratory failure
A45-year oldissufferingfromanacuteasthmaattack.Youexpectthepatienttohave:
Decreased tidal volume
Whichofthefollowingmethodsforproviding
ventilatoryassistanceisconsideredmost
effective?
A. Two-rescuerbag-valvemasktechniquewithhigh-flowsupplementaloxygen
B. Mouth-to-mouthusingoxygen
C. One-rescuerbag-valvemasktechnique
D. Pocketfacemaskwithoutoxygen
A
. Ifoxygenisconnectedtoapocketfacemask,thesettingontheoxygentank
regulatorshouldbesetto:
15 lpm
Whatdeviceonabag-valvemaskmaypreventadequateventilation?
Pop off valve
Anasalcannulashouldbeusedtodeliveroxygentoapatientwho:
A. hasachroniclungdisease.
B. isunderoneyearofage.
C. willnottolerateanonrebreathermask.
D. usesacannulawithahomeoxygensystem.
C
Oxygencylindersizesvary,butallareconsidered“full”whenpressureis
equalto:
2000 psi
mostdifficultpartofdeliveringBVMartificialventilationsisobtaininganadequate
Mask seal
8.Venturimasksallowspecificconcentrationsofoxygenbymixingoxygenwith
___________________ ___________________ .
Inhaled air
Partialrebreathermasksallowthepatienttorebreatheaboutone-thirdoftheir
___________________ ___________________ .
Exhaled air
EMT’sbestwaytodeliver
highconcentrationsofoxygentoabreathingpatientbecauseitcanprovide
concentrationsofoxygenrangingfrom___________________ percentto
___________________ percent.
Nonrebreather mask, 80-90%
MostBVMshaveastandard15/22mm connectiontoproperlyfitfacemasks
andendotrachealtubes.
True
Adults ventilated, children ventilated
10-12, 12-20
Supplemental O2 used when there’s
SOB, hypoxia, low O2 saturation
Nasal cannula don’t exceed
4-6 L/min, 1-6 L, 22-44% Oxyegn
Tracheotomy mask connected to __ L/min
8-10 L/min
Hold tube or mask _ inches away in blow by
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