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ST108 > Week 1 and 2 ( welcome with descripitive stats > Flashcards

Week 1 and 2 ( welcome with descripitive stats Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Florence nightingale?

A

She was a nurse and a pioneer in data visualization, who used her passion for statistics to save lives of soldiers during the Crimean war (1853-56).

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2
Q

What did Florence nightingale do?

A

She presented the death toll in a reveloutionary way,using colours to show, the distrubtions of death from different reasons, leading to urgent change and improvement in healthcare.

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3
Q

What is a census?

A

Is a way to find and record information about every member of a population, not a SAMPLE.

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of variables?

A

Catogerical and Numerical variables

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5
Q

What is a catogerical variable?

A

Qualititative data no numbers involved

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6
Q

What is Catogerial data split into?

A

Ordinal ( Catogeries with implied order e.g. ranking of unis) and Nominal ( Named catogeries e.g. country of origin)

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7
Q

What is a Numerical variable?

A

Quanitiative variables

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8
Q

What are Numerical data split into?

A

Continous (any numerical value e.g. weight) and discrete data ( only particular numbers e.g. eggs in a basket)

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9
Q

Catogrise these types of graphs as either catogerical or Numerical variables

Histogram

Bar chart

Scatter plot

Time series

Pie chart

Ogive

A

Bar chart ( Catogerial)

Pie chart (Catogerial)

Numerical

Histogram

Ogive

Time series

Scatter plot

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10
Q

Catogrise these

Gender of the respondent

household income

life satisfaction rating on 10 point scale

A

( catogerial variable, nominal)

( numerical variable, continous)

( catogerial variable, ordinal)

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11
Q

What is a nice diagram to show the difference between a Catogerial variable and a Numerical variable and its sub scripts.

A
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12
Q

When drawing a frequency table what are the 4 coloums it consists of?

A

Classes, frequency, percentage frequency and CF

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13
Q

Find the percentage frequency and culumative frequency?

A
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14
Q

For frequency tables lets say we have 10

A

The lower limit is included but the upper limit is not.

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15
Q

Do Bar chart, bars touch each other?

A

No

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16
Q

What is an ogive?

A

Ogive is a culumative frequency curve.

17
Q

For a frequency table if the classes are not overlapping,then what data do we need?

A

Frequency and Percentage frequency.

18
Q

What is the notation of summation that we use in stats?

A

The top of the symbol signifies the end

The bottom of symbol signifies the start

19
Q

What does this mean?

A

It means add everthing from 1 to n

20
Q

X1 = 8 X2 = 2 X3 = -5 X4= 0.3 X5 = 9 X6 = 0 X7 = -3 X8 = 4 X9 = 10

Calculate the following

A
21
Q

What is the notation of the mean?

A
22
Q

How do you calculate mean of a frequency table?

A

Midpoint X Frequency, add them together then divide by n

23
Q

Calculate the mean

A
24
Q

What is a big disadvantage of the mean?

A

It is affected by outliers

25
Q

What are the 2 sceanrios of calculating the median?

A
26
Q

Calculate the median?

A
27
Q

Calculate the median?

A
28
Q

What is an advantage of the median?

A

Not affected by outliers

29
Q

How do we find Median of a frequency table?

A

Find the midpoint of each class.

Calculate the percentage frequency of each class.

Calculate the cumulative percentage frequency of each class.

Find the first class with cumulative percentage frequency > 50%.

Approximate the median using the midpoint of that class

30
Q

Calculate the median

A
31
Q

On a bar chart how would we identify the mode?

A

It would be the one with the highest bar.

32
Q

• If Mean > Median what does it mean about the data?

A

the data is right/positively skewed.

33
Q

If Mean < Median

A

the data is left/negatively skewed

34
Q

If the mean = median what does this mean?

A

The data is not skewed

35
Q
A
36
Q

Harder Q

A

On y axis is % CULUMATIVE FREQUENCY

ST108 (7 decks)

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