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Methodology Honours > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a Lit Review does?

A

Identifies, evaluates and synthesises the relevant literature within a particular field. **Integration*

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2
Q

What does a lit review highlights?

A
  1. what has been done
  2. what is generally accepted
  3. what is the current state of the topic
  4. what is emerging
  5. what are the gaps in knowledge
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3
Q

Narrative review definition

A

Qualitatively summarises evidence on a topic using informal or subjective methods to collect and interpret studies.

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4
Q

Systematic review definition

A

High-level overview of primary research on a FOCUSED question that identifies, selects, synthesizes, and appraises all high quality research evidence relevant to that question.

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5
Q

narrative review goal

A

provide a summary or overview of a topic

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6
Q

Systematic review goal

A
  • answer a focused clinical question

- Eliminate bias

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7
Q

systematic vs narrative (1)

A

Systematic:

  • clearly defined and answerable qstn (use PICO)
  • 3 or more authors
  • months to years
  • search of ALL relevant databases
  • explicit search protocols
  • explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria

Narrative:

  • general topic or specific
  • one or more authors
  • weeks to months
  • search of one or more database
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8
Q

average time to complete a systematic review

A

8 months

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9
Q

Systematic review components:

A
  • eligibility criteria
  • systematic search strategy
  • validity of findings
  • interpretation of results
  • ref list
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10
Q

narrative components:

A
  • Intro
  • Methods
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Ref list
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11
Q

Sys. review value

A

connects practicing clinicians to high quality evidence.

supports evidence-based practise.

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12
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Include a statistical analysis resources

integrate results of the studies

best if inside a systematic review.

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13
Q

Propsero

A

international data based for systematic reviews

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14
Q

thinks to ask yourself when starting a research quesiton

A
  • Define your variable
  • Decribe its context, how common it is, the effect they have..
  • Why is it a problem? and why do you want to treat them? (gaps).
  • outline existing treatments, and why do we need a new treatment or a new approach.
  • describe second variable.
  • link to first variable
  • existing evidence
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15
Q

synthesis

A

highlights important points AND your observations of related texts.

supported by various sources.

compared and contrast. multiple sources at once.

makes connections ( supports, refute, similar concepts opposng /sim methodologies).

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16
Q

Research question origins

A 
supervisors advice 
review of the literature (to identify gaps)
Alert to new ideas and techniques
Creativity
impactful regardless of findings.
17
Q

Steps in a research project

A

-Define clear question
-Hypothesis
-design a study to investigate (what data is needed, who and what time? must be feasible)
-observe/record/ gather data (any issues collecting the data?)
-examining the data (wht does the data tells you? )
-interpret data ( what are other possible expplanations?)
-summarise findings
(how representative they are)

18
Q

FINER formula for formulating research question

A 
Feasible
Interesting
Novel 
Ethical 
Relevant (contributes to the 'so what' test)
19
Q

Very narrowed questions

A
  • could lead to biased interpretations.

- limited generalisability.

20
Q

very broad quesitons

A
  • difficult to test

- difficulty with methods and recruitment

21
Q

research questions type of questions

A

who, when ,where, for what?

22
Q

Technique to formulate answerable research questions

A

PICO(S)

23
Q

PICOS def

A 
P - population/problem
I - Intervention/ Exposure 
C- comparison/ control
O- outcome
S - Study design (optional)
24
Q

types of research questions

A
  1. interventions
  2. aetiology, risk factor
  3. frequency
  4. diagnosis
  5. prognosis, prediction
  6. phenomena
25
Q

Interventions involve:

A

treatments, therapies to treat diseas or conditions

26
Q

Aetiology, Risk factor involes:

A

What cause the problem? Outcomes of an activity/exposure

27
Q

Frequency

A

what is the frequency of the problem

28
Q

diagnosis

A

does this person have the problem?

29
Q

prognosis, prediction

A

who will get the problem?

30
Q

phenomena

A

observations of a situation.

open question

31
Q

Hypothesis Testing

A

A proposed explanation made on the basis of incomplete evidence, but used as a starting point for further
investigation

32
Q

Hypothesis testing

A

A simplified & specific version of the research question that summarises the main elements of the study

33
Q

Are hypothesis needed for descriptive studies?

A

NO :)

34
Q

When are hypothesis essential?

A

when any test of statistical significance will be used to compare findings among groups

35
Q

What terms indicate need of a hypothesis?

A

greater than, less than , causes, leads to, compared with, more likely than, related to, similar to , correlated with.

36
Q

what does study design determines?

A

the way the study will be conducted including SAMPLING (who, what, when) and what type of information (DATA) will gathered

more important than the analyse –poor analysed data can be reanalysed but bad designed cannot be retrieved.

37
Q

what does the study design affects?

A

results and conclusions drawn

38
Q

what does the study design also govern?

A

methods used,
how data are analysed
aim optimise to answe the r. question.

39
Q

Why is important to determine a clear ;testable ‘ research question?

A

to be able to determine the most appropriate study desgn

Methodology Honours (8 decks)

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