Week 1

Question 1

Rapid acting Insulin

Answer 1

lispro

Question 2

Short acting Insulin

Answer 2

regular insulin

Question 3

Intermediate acting Insulin

Answer 3

NPH neutral protamine Hagdorn insulin

Question 4

Long acting Insulin

Answer 4

Insulin Glargine

Question 5

Nephritic Syndromes

Answer 5

Glomerulonephritis (type III hypersensitivity)

see hematuria, mild to moderate proteinuria, and hypertension

Question 6

Nephrotic Syndromes

Answer 6

proteinuria– Massive proteinuria >3.5 grams/day, loss of (albumin) oncotic pressure in vessels, leads to edema, hyperlipidema, lipiduria.

Question 7

Azotemia

Answer 7

Increased BUN and creatinine

Prerenal, renal, and postrenal

Question 8

Uremia

Answer 8

Azotemia and clinical symptoms such as: gasteroenteritis, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis.

Question 9

4 stages of Renal disease

Answer 9

Diminished Renal Reserve ~50% of normal
Renal insufficiency ~20-50% normal
Renal Failure ~ <5% normal

Question 10

Drugs to delay Renal Disease

Answer 10

Ace inhibitors, and Sartans

Question 11

GFR Approximation

Answer 11

(Urine concentration* Urine Flow)/ plasma concentration

Question 12

normal BUN: creatinine ratio

Answer 12

Normal is 10-20: 1

Question 13

Elevated BUN: creatinine ratio

Answer 13

elevated in prerenal conditions, ex. Steroids, high meat diet, large muscles.

Question 14

Renal disease BUN: creatinine

Answer 14

Normal ratio due to both being elevated

Question 15

Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 15

GFR<60 for 3+ months or kidney damage.

Question 16

Serum Osmolarity formula

Answer 16

2Na+ BUN/2.8+ glucose/18