Midterm

Question 1

Serum osmolarity formula

Answer 1

2Na+ BUN/2.8+ glucose/18

Question 2

rate of correcting for Na disorders

Answer 2

.5 meq/ hour

Question 3

Treatment for Hyperkalemia

Answer 3

IV Ca, Glucose and insulin, loop diuretics, hemodialisis as a last resort

Question 4

Na disorders

Answer 4

Usually a water problem

Question 5

K disorders

Answer 5

Usually a adrenal gland problem, not a diet problem

Question 6

Elevated anion gap

Answer 6

NORMAL 12-14 if elevated calculate an osmolar gap (2Na+BUN/2.8+ glucose/10) and compare. WIll show ingestions

Question 7

Anion gap

Answer 7

Na-cl+bicarb

Question 8

Excess anion gap

Answer 8

anion gap- 12 added to the bicarb should be equal to normal bicarb (24-26) high means metabolic alkalosis.

Question 9

most common form of bladder cancer

Answer 9

Transitional cell carcinoma, associated with smoking, naphthylamine typically painless, with hematuria.

Question 10

struvite stones

Answer 10

made of mg NH4PO4 are stones of infection urease+ proteus and klebsiella

Question 11

Alveolar ventilation

Answer 11

Va= Vco2/Pco2*K

Question 12

Alveolar Gas Equation

Answer 12

One formula to know PaCo2= PIO2-PCO2/R R=.8 or 1

Question 13

Fick Principle

Answer 13

CO= consumed/ (in-out)

Question 14

Gas diffusion dependant on

Answer 14

SA, partial pressures, solubility, thickness

Question 15

How to block ADH

Answer 15

Vaptim drugs Conavaptim, tolvaptim