Micro

Question 1

Sinusitits causes

Answer 1

S pneumo, H flu

Question 2

Common cold

Answer 2

rhinoviruses, corona, adeno, coxsackie

Question 3

Pharyngitis

Answer 3

Group A strep (strep pyogenes)

Question 4

Rhinoviruses

Answer 4

Common cold, Bind ICAM 1, does not kill host cells,

supportive treatment ss(+)RNA, nonenveloped

Question 5

Parainfluenza viruses

Answer 5

Croup and pneumonia in kids, common cold in adults
Viral fusion protein
Viral aeresol spread. viral neurominidsase for viral spread
tx. corticosteroids, supportive care
ss(-)RNA enveloped

Question 6

Coronavirus

Answer 6

Common cold. SARS too( viral pneumonia fever, dyspnea, fever)
3 day incubation period, 6-7 day symptoms
ss(+)RNA enveloped

Question 7

Influenza C

Answer 7

Common cold 7 RNA segments (AB have 8), less virulent than AB. No antigenic shift or animal reservoir.
Influenza viruses: segmented ss(-) RNA enveloped

Question 8

Adenoviruses

Answer 8

Respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitits
Spread via aerosols
Live vaccine confer immunity during infection
dsDNA nonenveloped,

Question 9

Strep pyogenes

Answer 9

Strep throat group A strep. Must treat to prevent rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Virulence factors: Streptokinase, M- protein, Hyaluronidase
Treat with penecillin G
Gm+ cocci Beta hemolytic
strawberry tongue= scarlet fever

Question 10

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 10

#2bacterial pneumonia for COPD. Pilli. Present as otititis media, sinusitits, pneumonia. 
GM-  reduces nitrite, does not ferment. 
tx; ammoxicillin

Question 11

corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 11

airway obstruction and pseudomembrane.
Gm+ rod, aerobic, 
tx. antitoxin, penecillin, vaccine
Do not scrape it off will lead to spread and bleeding. 
DTaP @ 2,4,6, 18 months

Question 12

Strep pneumo

Answer 12

lobar pneumonia, otitis media.
respiratory droplet spread, 
Gm+ diplococci, a-hemolytic, cat- 
tx: penecillin
pneumovax vaccine

Question 13

Haemophilus influenzae B

Answer 13

Epiglottitis, otitis media, pneumonia
Invasive, Adults with COPD, recent viral flu.
Gm- grows on chocholate agar.
tx: ceftriaxone, Hib vaccine,

Question 14

Respiratory Syncitial Virus

Answer 14

Kids: bronchiolitis, pneumonia croup#2. Adults: mild common cold
G surface protien for attachment F for fusion.
Wheezing, nasal secretions
Dx: detection in secretions, serology
Tx; supportive, albuterol
ss- RNA nonsegmented enveloped

Question 15

Bronchitis

Answer 15

presents with a cough, chest pain and fever
Influenza AB, parinfluenza, adeno, RSV, rhino, coxsackie
CXR to differentiate between pneumo and bronchitis fever often indicates bacterial,

Question 16

Influenza

Answer 16

Die from flue due to secondary bacterial infection. Has fever unlike common cold.

Question 17

Pertussis

Answer 17

7 day incubation period Becoming more common. bordetella pertussis gm-cocco bacillus Pertussis toxin AB damages in trachea, large amounts of mucous produced causing cough

Question 18

Influenza viruses A and B

Answer 18

8 segments of ssRNA, present as cold and flu. Neurominidase envelope protein important for cleaving HA boud to sialic acid permiting viral spread. IL-1 INfy.

Question 19

bordetella pertussis

Answer 19

Whooping cough. gm- coccobacilli
AB toxin inactivates G proteins leading to increased cAMP. Kills epithelial cells,
Staging 1) 1-2 weeks contagious and flu 2) 3 weeks -2 months cough and whoop. 3) 2-3 months recovery cough subsides erythromycin at stage 1
DTaP vaccine @2,4,6,18 months and every 10 years.

Question 20

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 20

close quarters pneumonia, no gram stain. atypical “walking pneumonia”
tx: erythromycin or tetracycline

Question 21

chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer 21

young adults, intracellular parasite, upper RT and phagocytosed by macrophages, pulmonary edema, necrosis, hemorrhage. giemsa stain to view, doxycycline

Question 22

legionella pneumophila

Answer 22

atypical pneumonia, smokers, aerosols, proliferates within macrophages, silver stain, tx with erythromycin.

Question 23

Pneumocysitis jirovecii

Answer 23

AIDS opportunistic fungal infection, present as pneumocystis pneumonia. silver stain of sputum.
tx: tMP-SMX

Question 24

Nocardia asteroidies

Answer 24

resembles TB in clinical presentaiton. acid fast stain, beaded filementous growth. pneumonia and abscessesin kidney and brain.
gm+ aerobic,
tx: TMP-SMX surgical drainage.