Week 1 Flashcards
Phonetics
The study of the production and perception of speech sounds
Historical Phonetics
study of sound change over time
Physiological Phonetics
study of function of speech anatomy
Acoustic Phonetics
study of acoustic attributes of speech sounds. relating physical properties of sound to speech
Perceptual Phonetics
study of listeners psychoacoustic response to speech sounds
Experimental Phonetics
Laboratory study of speech sounds
Clinical Phonetics
Study of typical versus disordered speech
Auditory Phonetics
the study of how sounds are perceived
Phonetics vs Phonology
Phonetics: study of speech sounds, focus on production, acoustics, and perception of speech sounds
Phonology: The systematic organization of speech sounds governed by rules in the production of language
Phone
Any speech sound by itself
Phoneme
Minimal unit of speech that can signal a change in meaning
Letters
symbols used in writing system
Speech Sounds
made by speakers to produce words. Requires coordinated sequences of movements by articulators
How many sounds in English
44, but only 26 letters
Digraphs
two letters representing one sound. Examples: the ck in tick, the oo in look, the ea in beat
Importance of IPA
-Provides a consistent and unambiguous written form of a spoken word
-Anyone even someone who speaks a different language can understand how the word is produced
-Allows one to describe speech production accurately enough that it can be understood by another person
Homophones
Two words that are pronounced the same. Example: heir/air
Homographs
Two words that are spelled the same. Example: bow, bow
Neither homophone or homograph
pool/pull, fool/full
Spaghetti: How many sounds
7
Cattle: How many sounds
4
Phonological Rules
Govern how phonemes can be combined and where they can occur in a word
Steps for Voiced Sound
closed glottis, increased air pressure, folds burst apart, begin to vibrate, phonation
Steps for Voiceless Sound
allow airflow to freely through the glottis, vocal folds do not vibrate
Bath: How many sounds
3
Enough: How many sounds
4
Nasal Sound
Soft palate at rest
Oral Sound
soft palate is elevated to close off nasal cavity
Vowels
relatively free outward flow of breath
Consonants
Flow of breath is temporarily obstructed by articulators
Specifications of Vowels
height of tongue, advancement (front-back position of the tongue), roundedness (lip rounding)
Specifications of Consonants
place of articulation, manner of articulation, voiced/voiceless
Dialect
variation of speech/language based on geographical area, language background, and social/racial-ethnic group membership
Why is there variation in phonetic transcription from professional to professional?
IPA updates and changes over time
Why is it important to understand how individual speaking styles and dialect affect pronunciation?
Dialect may sound like a disorder, but is really just a difference
Why is it important to use a phonetic alphabet in transcription of individuals with speech sound disorders?
Without such a systematic phonetic alphabet, it would be virtually impossible to capture on paper an accurate representation of the speech sound dis-orders of individuals seeking professional remediation.
