Chapter 4: Vowels Flashcards
How are vowels produced?
-Without constriction or blockage of air flow from the vocal tract
-Tongue is the primary articulator vowel production
Vowel Categorization
-Tongue Height
-Tongue Advancement: how far forward
-Lip rounding
-tense/lax
/i/
Sample: key
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/ɪ/
Sample: win
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/e, eɪ/
Sample: rebAte
Tongue Height: high-mid
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/ɛ/
Sample: red
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/æ/
Sample: had
Tongue Height: low
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/u/
Sample: moon
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded
/ʊ/
Sample: wood
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded
/o/
Sample: Okay
Tongue Height: high-mid
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded
/ɔ/
Sample: law
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded
/ɑ/
Sample: cod
Tongue Height: low
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/ə/
Sample: about
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/ʌ/
Sample: bud
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: back-central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded
/ɚ/
Sample: buttER
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded
/ɝ/
Sample: bird
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded
Vowel Quadrilateral
-Shows vowel categorization by tongue height and advancement
-An approximation of relative tongue positions
Monopthongs
Vowels produced with one primary tongue position
Dipthongs
-Vowels produced with movement from one tongue position (onglide) to a different position (offglide)
-Arrow indicates direction of movement
-Tongue always glides from a lower to higher position
Front Vowels
-Highest point of tongue is near front of mouth
-further divided by tongue height
-unrounded
-can be tense or lax
Back Vowels
-Highest point of tongue is near back of the mouth
-further divided by tongue height
- most are rounded
-can be tense or lax
Central Vowels
-Highest point of tongue is near center of mouth
-tend to be mid in tongue height
-rounded or unrounded
-tense or lax
Stressed Central Vowels
-/ʌ/ low-mid, back-central, unrounded, lax
- /ɝ/ mid, central, rounded, tense
Low Back Vowel
/ɑ/ low, back, unrounded, tense
Mid Back Vowels
- /o/ high-mid, back, rounded, tense
- /ɔ/ low-mid, back, rounded, tense
High Back Vowels
-/u/ high, back, rounded, tense
- /ʊ/ high, back, rounded, lax
Low Front Vowel
/æ/ low, front, unrounded, lax
Mid Front Vowels
- /e/ high-mid, front, unrounded, tense
- /ɛ/ low-mid, front, unrounded, lax
High Front Vowels
- /i/ high, front, unrounded, tense
- /ɪ/ high, front, unrounded, lax