Chapter 4: Vowels Flashcards

1
Q

How are vowels produced?

A

-Without constriction or blockage of air flow from the vocal tract
-Tongue is the primary articulator vowel production

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2
Q

Vowel Categorization

A

-Tongue Height
-Tongue Advancement: how far forward
-Lip rounding
-tense/lax

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3
Q

/i/

A

Sample: key
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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4
Q

/ɪ/

A

Sample: win
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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5
Q

/e, eɪ/

A

Sample: rebAte
Tongue Height: high-mid
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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6
Q

/ɛ/

A

Sample: red
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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7
Q

/æ/

A

Sample: had
Tongue Height: low
Tongue Advancement: front
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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8
Q

/u/

A

Sample: moon
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded

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9
Q

/ʊ/

A

Sample: wood
Tongue Height: high
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded

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10
Q

/o/

A

Sample: Okay
Tongue Height: high-mid
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded

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11
Q

/ɔ/

A

Sample: law
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded

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12
Q

/ɑ/

A

Sample: cod
Tongue Height: low
Tongue Advancement: back
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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13
Q

/ə/

A

Sample: about
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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14
Q

/ʌ/

A

Sample: bud
Tongue Height: low-mid
Tongue Advancement: back-central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: unrounded

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15
Q

/ɚ/

A

Sample: buttER
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: lax
Lip Rounding: rounded

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16
Q

/ɝ/

A

Sample: bird
Tongue Height: mid
Tongue Advancement: central
Tense/Lax: tense
Lip Rounding: rounded

17
Q

Vowel Quadrilateral

A

-Shows vowel categorization by tongue height and advancement
-An approximation of relative tongue positions

18
Q

Monopthongs

A

Vowels produced with one primary tongue position

19
Q

Dipthongs

A

-Vowels produced with movement from one tongue position (onglide) to a different position (offglide)
-Arrow indicates direction of movement
-Tongue always glides from a lower to higher position

20
Q

Front Vowels

A

-Highest point of tongue is near front of mouth
-further divided by tongue height
-unrounded
-can be tense or lax

21
Q

Back Vowels

A

-Highest point of tongue is near back of the mouth
-further divided by tongue height
- most are rounded
-can be tense or lax

22
Q

Central Vowels

A

-Highest point of tongue is near center of mouth
-tend to be mid in tongue height
-rounded or unrounded
-tense or lax

23
Q

Stressed Central Vowels

A

-/ʌ/ low-mid, back-central, unrounded, lax
- /ɝ/ mid, central, rounded, tense

24
Q

Low Back Vowel

A

/ɑ/ low, back, unrounded, tense

25
Q

Mid Back Vowels

A
  • /o/ high-mid, back, rounded, tense
  • /ɔ/ low-mid, back, rounded, tense
26
Q

High Back Vowels

A

-/u/ high, back, rounded, tense
- /ʊ/ high, back, rounded, lax

27
Q

Low Front Vowel

A

/æ/ low, front, unrounded, lax

28
Q

Mid Front Vowels

A
  • /e/ high-mid, front, unrounded, tense
  • /ɛ/ low-mid, front, unrounded, lax
29
Q

High Front Vowels

A
  • /i/ high, front, unrounded, tense
  • /ɪ/ high, front, unrounded, lax