Chapter 2: Part 2 Flashcards
Syllables
An intuitive unit typically consisting of multiple phonemes.
Beats in words
Onset
Component of a syllable.
Consists of the consonants that precede a vowel (1 or more).
In syllables with no initial consonant there is no onset.
Rhyme
Component of a syllable.
Further divided into nucleus and coda.
Nucleus
Part of rhyme.
A vowel or syllabic consonant.
splIt, trIed, fAst
Coda
Part of rhyme.
One or more consonants that follows the nucleus of a syllable.
spliT, trieD, fasT
Open Syllables
syllables ending with a vowel.
Both syllables in maybe.
he, bow, may, through, daily
Closed Syllables
syllables ending with a consonant.
had, keg
Both syllables in contain
corn, wish, charge, slammed, dentist
Word/Lexical Stress
The increased emphasis in the production of one syllable in a multisyllabic word
Syllable with primary stress
produced with the greatest force or muscular energy.
SISter, conTAIN, courAgeous
Other syllables
may receive secondary stress or no stress depending on level of emphasis.
Stressed syllable
Typically longer in duration and higher in pitch
Lexical Function of Stress
An inherent part of a word just like consonants and vowels.
Every English word has a default stress pattern
Linguistic Function of Stress
Lexical stress can indicate word class: whether word is a noun or verb.
Stress can be used to distinguish words that have identical consonants and vowels - stress can be phonemic just like consonant and vowel phonemes
Transcription
Level of transcription depends on one’s purpose
Broad (phonemic) Transcription
Purpose is to transcribe sounds that make a difference in meaning (phonemes)
Slash marks
Narrow (allophonic) Transcription
Purpose is to transcribe details of articulation (allophonic variation)
Brackets
Systematic Transcription
Transcription with preexisting knowledge of the sound system of language
Can be broad or narrow transcription
Impressionistic Transcription
Transcription of an unknown language or atypical/disordered speech.
Is typically narrow transcription because details of speech are recorded
