Consonants Flashcards

1
Q

Consonants

A

-Produced by vocal tract constrictions that modify airstream from the larynx
-The tongue makes contact with other articulators to form consonants

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2
Q

Sonorants (resonants)

A

Produced with resonance throughout entire vocal tract

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3
Q

Obstruents (nonresonants)

A

Produced with resonance primarily in space anterior to constriction

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4
Q

Consonants Position

A

-Where consonants can show up
Prevocalic: before a vowel
Postvocalic: after a vowel
Intervocalic: between two vowels

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5
Q

Classification of Consonants

A

-Manner of articulation: How airstream is modified
-Place of articulation: Where the constriction is located
-Voicing: Whether vocal folds are vibrating

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6
Q

Consonants Place of articulation

A

-Place of articulation: Where the constriction is located
-Constriction is formed by two articulators

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7
Q

Bilabial

A

upper and lower lips involved

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8
Q

Labiodental

A

lower lip and upper central incisors

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9
Q

dental

A

tongue apex (blade) and teeth

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10
Q

alveolar

A

tongue apex (blade) and alveolar ridge

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11
Q

postalveolar

A

front of tongue and back of alveolar ridge

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12
Q

palatal

A

blade of tongue and hard palate

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13
Q

velar

A

back of tongue and velum

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14
Q

glottal

A

vocal folds

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15
Q

lingual

A

tongue

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16
Q

Stops (Plosives)

A

-Produced with a completely closed vocal tract: Airstream is completely obstructed; intraoral pressure is high
-Stops are further divided by place: bilabial, alveolar, velar
-Stops can be voiced or voiceless

17
Q

Bilabial Stops

A

/p/ (vl), /b/ (v)

18
Q

Alveolar Stops

A

/t/ (vl), /d/ (v)

19
Q

Velar Stops

A

/k/ (vl), /g/ (v)

20
Q

Alveolar Tap /ɾ/

A

-Allophone of /t/ (“latter”) or /d/ (“ladder”)
-Produced with a rapid movement of the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge
-Typically occurs in an intervocalic position where the first syllable received stress

21
Q

Glottal stop /ʔ/

A

-Produced with vocal folds impeding and releasing airflow
-Typically occurs in syllable-final position (“hat”) or intervocalic position (“button”) followed by a syllabic /n/

22
Q

Nasals

A

-Airstream is completely obstructed in oral cavity
-Same places of articulation: bilabial, alveolar, velar
-similar to stops

23
Q

Bilabial nasals

A

/m/ voiced

24
Q

Alveolar Nasal

A

/n/ voiced

25
Q

Velar Nasal

A

/ŋ/ voiced

26
Q

Nasals vs Stops

A

-Contrary to stops (obstruents)
Velum is lowered and airstream travels to nasal cavity and out through nares (sonorants)
-All nasals are voiced
-Nasals can be syllabic: /ɹɪʔn̩/ “written”