Chapter 2: Phonetic Transcription of English

Question 1

Graphemes

Answer 1

Printed letters. Often represents more than one speech sound.
cent, car

Question 2

Allographs

Answer 2

different letter sequences or patterns that represent the same sound.
loop, through, threw, fruit, canoe

Question 3

Morphemes

Answer 3

smallest unit of language that carries meaning. Includes prefixes and suffixes

Question 4

Free Morphemes

Answer 4

can stand alone.
book, phlegm, music, press

Question 5

Bound Morphemes

Answer 5

cannot stand alone. Have to attach to other words.
pre(date), re(read), (book)s, (music)ian, (press)ure

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

a speech sound that can differentiate morphemes. changing the /l/ sound in morpheme look to /b/ sound turns it into book. /l/ and /b/ are phonemes

Question 7

Minimal Pairs

Answer 7

words that vary by only one phoneme.
look and book, cat and cab, see and saw

Question 8

Complementary Distribution

Answer 8

choice of allophones depends on phonetic context; they are NOT interchangeable.
/p/ is aspirated in pit but not spit

Question 9

Free Variation

Answer 9

choice of allophone is not constrained by phonetic context; they ARE interchangeable
/p/ in keep can be pronounced in two different ways

Question 10

i

Answer 10

he

Question 11

ɪ

Answer 11

did

Question 12

u

Answer 12

dude

Question 13

ʊ

Answer 13

look

Question 14

e/eɪ

Answer 14

take

Question 15

ɛ

Answer 15

every

Question 16

ə

Answer 16

schwa, above

Question 17

o/oʊ

Answer 17

joe

Question 18

ɔ

Answer 18

brought

Question 19

a

Answer 19

cots