Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio lab > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

scientific method, genetics

1
Q

What are the seven steps of scientific method

A
  1. Make observation
  2. make testable questions
  3. make hypothesis
  4. experiment
  5. analyze- does it support hypothesis?
  6. conclude
  7. share
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What mosel organism did Mendel use

A

Peas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what question did mendel ask?

A

What are the basic patterns of transmission of traits** from parent to offspring?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did his question lead to

A

discovered
1) Fundaental principles of heredity
2) concept of dominant and recessive traits
3) 3) segregation and independent assortment of alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Blending Inheritance

A

Traits from Mother and father blend together–> form observable traits

black sheep x white sheep = grey sheep

intermediate traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inheritence of acquired characteristics

A

traits:
Modified (thru use), passed onto offspring thru modified use

giraffes need longer necks by straining to reach leaves–> offspring w l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mendels experimental Method with purple and white flowers

A
  • he removed male anther pf purple flower
  • prevented self fertilization
  • dusted the stigma (female part with white flower pollen

these flowers were self fertilizing (both male and female parts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what was the result of mendels purple and white flower

A

First generation of those flowers has ALL PURPLE

2) Second generation 3:1 of purple flowers to white flowers
genotype ration: 1:2:1

these offspring were known as hybrids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was this experiment w peas and flowers called

A

Monohybrid cross

all resulted in 3:1 ration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did mendels monohybrid cross prove in relation to blending inheritance?

A

Disproved it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what 7 traits did mendel test in all his experiments

A
  1. seed shape
  2. seed color
  3. pod shape
  4. pod color
  5. flower color
  6. flower and pod position
  7. stem length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Particulate theory

A

genes occur in pairs and determine traits.
2) during gamete formation genes seperate –> each gamete only contain one gene from homoglous pair
3) offspring will inherit combo of genes NOT BLENDED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are traits aquired and modified thru use?

A

No, they are passed on as discreet units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

genotype

A

genetic information, alleles which determine dominance or recessiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phenotype

A

outter appearance or trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 Mendelian Principles of inheritance

A
  1. Law of Segregation
  2. law of independent Assortment
  3. Law of Dominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the princple of segregation

A
  1. punnet square
  2. two alleles of a gene SEGREGATE into SEPERATE GAMETES w a 50/50 chance of carrying a homogolous pair
  3. Genes will combine randomly to produce a PHENOTYPE according to rules of dominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment

A

genes on non homogolous diff chromosomes will distribute randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does independent assortment increase or decrease genetic varability?

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

opposite of Independent assortment

A

Dependent

alleles of diff genes stay together when gaetes form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Law of Dominance

A
  1. Simple Dominance
  2. Incomplete Dominance
  3. Codominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Simple Dominance

A

peas and flowers
F2 1:2:1 ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Intermediate traits fesult from heterozygous fominance
F2: 1:2:1
results in blending of phenotype but ALLELES WILL REMAIN DISTINCT

this is not like blending inheritance cuz blending inherentence means blending gense cant happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Co dominance

A

Both recessive and Dominant traits appear in the phenotype of hybrid organisms

25
Lethal inheritance
Inherited gene leads to death
26
Why were peas ideal model organism
easy to manipulate, cheap, many, short reproductive cycle
27
example of Codominance
Blood types
28
Types of Blood types
Types A , B, AB , O
29
Letters of blood types
Indicaed what antigens (protiens)(agglutinogens) u inherit
30
3 alleles for blood type: iA iB i ppt page 30 crate punnet ii= O
31
What makes up our blood
1. Red blood cells 2. WBC 3. PLASMA 4. PLATELETS 1.
32
ERETHROCYTES
RED BLOOD CELLS - MOST ABUNDANT CELLS IN OUR BLOOD
33
Where are RBCS PRODUCED
bone marrow
34
What Protien do Erythrocytes carry
hemoglobin
35
role of hemoglobin
carry O2
36
Leukocytes
1. white blood cells 2. part of immune system 3. destroy pathogens (infectious agents)
37
Plasma
Yellowish liquid of blood,
38
what does Plasma contain
1. nutrients 2. vitamins 3. hormones 4. clotting factors 5. protiens like antibodies
39
Thrombocytes
Platelets clotting factors that are carried in plasma
40
process of clotting
coagulation
41
Foor blood type we make antibodies for?
Antigens we dont carry
42
If u have bood type A what antigen does ur body not produce
antibodies against antigen A antibodies B will broduce
43
What antibodies will produce for Type B
A antibodies
44
type of Antibodies for AB?
none
45
type of antibodies for O
all | univerale carrier
46
Agglutination
clumping
47
When does Agglutination occur
when blood cells stick together and when donor blood cells are incompatible with recipent serum
48
How to determine blood type of a person?
add serums to person blood type, serum b contains antigen against nantigen B clump will form and u find this in AB and B blood time
49
Rh Factor ## Footnote named after rhesus monkeys
type of protien determine positivity and negativity of blood type
50
RH +
u have rh protien
51
rh -
u do not have rh protein
52
clumps
+ rh cuz cell has antigen
53
no clump
- rh cuz no antigen
54
what blood type each blood type can receive
ppt pg 40
55
sex autosomes
not sex chromosomes
56
how many pairs of autosomes in human body
22
57
how many pairs of sex chromosomes in human body
1 pair
58
sex linked diseases
color blindness recessive Xa ` will be expressed in males on ly expressed in females if homolgyous ie XaXa

bio lab (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions