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physiologic basis - DPT trimester 2 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommended physical activity for children and adolescents aged 5-17?

A

60 minutes of vigorous activity per day

This recommendation supports overall health and development.

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2
Q

What is the recommended physical activity for older adults aged 65 and above?

A

150 minutes of vigorous activity per week

This helps maintain mobility and health.

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3
Q

What does MET stand for in the context of physical activity?

A

Metabolic Equivalent of Task

MET values are used to estimate the energy expenditure of physical activities.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of exercise participation health screening?

A

To identify signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

This screening helps assess an individual’s readiness for exercise.

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5
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Abnormal heart rhythms

Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for health management.

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6
Q

What is the goal of lifestyle medicine?

A

Prevention, treatment, and reversal of lifestyle-related diseases

This approach focuses on the impact of lifestyle choices on health.

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7
Q

True or False: Only 3% of U.S. adults have a healthy lifestyle.

A

True

This statistic highlights the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors.

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8
Q

What is ATP and its role in the human body?

A

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the human body

ATP is essential for various cellular processes.

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9
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

The process of anaerobic energy production from glucose

Glycolysis is a key metabolic pathway for energy generation.

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10
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed

This principle underlies all biological energy transformations.

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11
Q

Define bioenergetics.

A

The study of energy flow through living systems

It examines how organisms convert food into usable energy.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ system is responsible for immediate energy production.

A

ATP-PC (phosphagen) system

This system provides quick bursts of energy for short-duration activities.

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13
Q

What are the 4 energy systems?

A
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14
Q

What are the 4 energy systems?

A
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15
Q

metabolic pathway that syntheses molecules

A

anabolic reactions

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16
Q

metabolic chemical pathway that breakdown the molecules

A

catbolic reactions

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17
Q

what is bioenergetics

A

the biological process of turning food into energy

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18
Q

what is ATP

A

adensoine triphosphate is the energy currency of the human body
- immediate source of energy for muscular contraction

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19
Q

what are the anaerobic pathways

A

ATP-PC (phosphagen) system (Dr. G)
anaerobic glycolysis (Dr. Thomas)

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20
Q

What are the aerobic pathways

A

aerobic glycolysis (Dr. Serdar)
aerobic lipolysis (Dr. Saavedra)

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21
Q

which metabolic pathway does not require oxygen

A

anaerobic

22
Q

What is the work to rest ratio for ATP-PC (phosphagen) system?

A

1:12 -1:20

23
Q

where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?

A

outside the mitochondria/inside the sarcoplasm

24
Q

what is the ATP produced net gain of anaerobic glycolysis?

A

2-3 ATP

25
Q

what are the work to rest ratios of anerobic glycolysis?

A

1:3-1:5

26
Q

what are the work to rest ratios of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

1:1-1:3

running 30 minutes resting 30 minutes, swimming,

27
Q

what is the max power and capacity of aerobic glycolysis (oxidative phosphrylation)

A

max power: small
max capacity: high

28
Q

oxidative phosphorylation from fatty acids - aerobic lipolysis max power and max capacity

A

power: very small
capacity: very high

29
Q

do not participate in regular exercise

no cardiovascular, metabolic or renal disease and no signs symptoms suggestive of aforementioned disease

is medical clearance necessary?
what time of exercise should they start?

A

no necessary

light to modeare intesnity recommended, gradual progressio nto vigorous

30
Q

do not participate in regular exercise

known CVD, metabolic or renal disease
asymptomatic

is medical clearance necessary?
what time of exercise should they start?

A

clearance recommended

  • following clearance light to mod intensity recommended progress to vigorous
31
Q

particpates in regular exercise

known cardiovascular metabolic or renal disease
asymptomatic

is medical clearance necessary?
what time of exercise should they start?

A

medical clearnace may be necessary for virorous exercise - not light or moderate

once cleared continue on and progress to vigorous if cleared

32
Q

what are signs and symptoms of metabolic disease?

A

high blood sugar
increased thirst
frequent urination
fatigue
blurred vision

33
Q

what are S/S of renal disease?

A

nausea
vomiting
muslce cramps
reduced/loss ofappetite
LE swelling
SOB
urinating either too much or too little

34
Q

what are S/S of CVD?

A

chest pain or discomfort, abnormal or irregular heart rate, SOB, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, LE swelling

35
Q

what are the 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine?

A
  • whole food/plant based
  • restortive sleep
  • postivie social connection
  • stress managment
  • avoid risky substances
  • regular PA
36
Q

40% of premature deaths are attributable to

A
  • tobacco use 18.1%
  • alcohol consumption 2.5%
  • poor diet and physical inactivity 16.6%
37
Q

what is a noncommunicable disease?

A

typically related to lifestyle behaviors –> largely preventable

38
Q

what are some examples of non communicable diseases?

A
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • diabetes
  • heart disease
  • hypertension
  • stroke
  • dyslipidemia (increased cholestrol)
  • chornic lung disease
39
Q

how often should children and adolscents 5-17 engage in vigorous intesntiy aerobic + muscle bone strengthening?

A

3 x a week

40
Q

adults ages 18-64 should strength train major muscle groups how often?
how often should those 65+?

A

2 days /week
still 2 days/week

41
Q

pregnant and postpartum women should ingage in how many minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity?

A

150 min /week

42
Q

1 MET is = ?

A

3.5 ml O2/kg body weight/min

VO2 has the same units

43
Q

what met value range is considered light?

A

1.5-2.9
(2-4) on borgs scale 0-10
(9-11) on borgs scale 6-20

44
Q

what met value range is considered moderate intensity exercise?

A

3-5.9

5-6 and 12-13 on borgs scales

45
Q

what met range value is considered for vigorous exercise?

A

≥6

7-8 and ≥14 on borgs scales

46
Q

patients unable to tolarete how many mets of activity are poor candidates for surgery?

A

4 METs

47
Q

RDA for protein

A

0.8 g/kg of bodyweight

48
Q

4 fundamental skills of motivational interviewing

A

open ended questions
affirmations
reflecting
summarizing

49
Q

4 principles of motivational interviewing

A

Express empathy
Develop discrepancy - contempation phase
Roll with resistance
Support self-efficacy

50
Q

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place?

aerobic =

A

mitochondria

*aerobic glycoysis

51
Q

has changed overt behavior for less tahn 6 months

A

action - transtheoretical model

52
Q

5 key domains of social determinants of health as per rethorn et al?

A

economic stability
health care access
environment/neighbordhood
social/community
education

physiologic basis - DPT trimester 2 (8 decks)

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