Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AN SCI 373 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Needs for a nervous system

A
  1. Allows detection of changes in external or internal environment (sensory)
  2. Allows rapid response to changes (motor)
  3. Allows integration of information and formulation of responses (central nervous system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuron and what occurs in each part

A

At dendrites and cell body: integration of signals
At axon: transmission of action potential
At synaptic terminals: communication to next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Also called internal milieu (not internal of cell, internal of body). On outside of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

On inside of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of structures in lipid bilayer

A

Integral proteins, receptors, gated channel protein, cholesterol, channel, carrier protein, glycoprotein, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diffusion

A

Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

0.9% NaCl to g/ml

A

0.9g/100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

0.9g/100ml to g/L

A

9 g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

9 g/L of NaCl into mol/L (Moles) (molar mass of NaCl is 58.44)

A

0.158 mol/L (M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aquaporin

A

water channel in cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Concentration gradient for sodium (Na+)

A

150 mM on outside
15 mM on inside
High concentration of N outside of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Concentration gradient for potassium (K+)

A

5mM on outside
140 mM on inside
High concentration of K inside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes the concentration gradient for sodium and potassium

A

The sodium/potassium ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How the Na/K ATPase works

A
  1. Three sodium ions enter the enzyme from within cell
  2. ATP phosphorylates enzyme from inside of cell, causing it to pump 3 Na+ out of the cell
  3. Two potassium ions enter the enzyme from the outside of the cell
  4. The now un-phosphorylated enzyme pumps the 2 K+ into the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the ATPase need in order to function

A

Na+, K+ and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ouabain

A

Inhibits ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anions inside and outside of cell

A

Outside: Mostly Cl- (120mM)
Inside: Mostly large anions (100 mM) and some Cl- (10mM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The plasma membrane is most permeable to

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which way does Na want to go based on concentration gradient

A

Inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which way does K want to go based on concentration gradient

A

Outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is the charge on an ion large or small

A

very large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inside of cell has a charge

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Outside of cell has a charge

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define equilibrium potential of potassium

A

The potential (mV) that exists when the K+
concentration gradient is exactly matched by
the opposing electrical gradient for a given ion
(K+) in the theoretical situation of a membrane
with permeability for only K+.

25
Q

Define the equilibrium potential
for sodium.

A

The potential (mV) that exists when the Na+
concentration gradient is exactly matched by
the opposing electrical gradient for a given ion
(Na+) in the theoretical situation of a
membrane with permeability for only Na+.

26
Q

Nernst Equation

A

Calculates equilibrium potential
Eion = 62 mV x log ([ion]o/[ion]i)

27
Q

Equilibrium potential

A
  • Electrical “force” = - Concentration “force”
  • If there were channels only for that ion, it is the voltage that would be measured across the membrane
  • Calculated values based on concentration gradient between inside and outside cell
28
Q

Equilibrium potential of K+

A

-90mV

29
Q

Equilibrium potential for Na+

A

+62 mV

30
Q

Membrane potential

A

Measured value that is determined by equilibrium potential for all ions and relative permeability for each ion

31
Q

On most cells, including neurons, there is a
resting membrane potential with a negative
charge inside the cell. Why?

A

More potassium permeabity than sodium (More K+ channels than Na+ channels)
Potassium wants to leave cell due to concentration gradient

32
Q

Resting Membrane Potential of a cell

A
  • ~ -70 mV
  • Due to an imbalance of ions across a cell membrane
  • represents a form of energy
  • measure of charge separation
33
Q

Voltage

A

Measure of charge separation

34
Q

Voltage during peak of action potential

A

+ 30 mV (due to open Na+ channels)

35
Q

What is the electrical force on K+

A

70 mV pushing K+ inside of cell

36
Q

Concentration force on K+

A

90 mV pushing K+ to outside of cell

37
Q

Total force on K+

A

20 mV out of cell

38
Q

What is the concentration force on Na+?

A

62 mV pushing Na+ to inside of cells

39
Q

What is the electrical force on Na+?

A

70 mV pushing Na+ to inside of cells

40
Q

Total force on Na+

A

132 mV into cell

41
Q

How would changes in concentration affect resting membrane potential of cells

A

Not sure**

42
Q

What determines the membrane potential

A
  • equilibrium potential of each ion
  • relative permeability for each ion
43
Q

If Na+ channels open

A

Depolarization (cell becomes more +)

44
Q

If K+ channels open

A

Hyperpolarization

45
Q

Depolarization

A

Decrease in potential; membrane less negative
open Na+ channels
close K+ channels

46
Q

Repolarization

A

Return to resting potential after depolarization

47
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Increase in potential; membrane more negative
Close Na+ channels
Open K+ channels

48
Q

Do neurons receive information from one or multiple neurons

A

Most neurons receive information from many other neurons

49
Q

Graded hyperpolarization

A

a smallish change in the membrane potential that is proportional to the size of the stimulus.
Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more negative, and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs).

50
Q

Graded depolarizations

A

Graded potentials that make the membrane potential less negative or more positive, thus making the postsynaptic cell more likely to have an action potential, are called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).

51
Q

Summed potentials

A

If summed potentials reach the threshold value at the axon hillock, the membrane depolarizes and an action potential results

52
Q

What is it about neurons that allows them to
produce action potentials?

A

Voltage-gated Na+ channels!!
At “threshold” these channels open and increase
permeability for Na+

53
Q

Voltage-gated sodium channel

A

Has an activation gate and inactivation gate
1. Closed activation gate, capable of opening
2. Rapid opening of activation gate triggered at threshold
3. Slow closing inactivation gate triggered at threshold (when this closes, it is not capable of opening until it is restored to normal)

54
Q

Voltage-gated potassium channel

A

Activation gate has a delayed opening triggered at threshold

55
Q

Sequence for an action potential

A

Voltage reaches a threshold (-55 mV)
Depolarization- voltage-gated Na+ channels open
Repolarization- voltage-gated Na+ channels close, voltage-gated K+ channels open
Hyperpolarization
Return to resting membrane potential - Voltage-gated K+ channels close

56
Q

Na+ at Resting (-70 mV)

A

Relative permeability: 1x
Direction of gradient–
Concentration: inward
Electric: inward

57
Q

K+ at Resting (-70 mV)

A

Relative permeability: 25-30x
Direction of gradient–
Concentration: outward
Electric: inward

58
Q

Na+ at Threshold (-55 mV)

A

Relative permeability: 600x
Direction of gradient–
Concentration: inward
Electric: inward

59
Q

K+ at Threshold (-55 mV)

A

Relative permeability: 25-30x
Direction of gradient–
Concentration: outward
Electric: inward

AN SCI 373 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions