WEEK 1 Flashcards
- Used to denote an increase in physical size or a quantitative change
GROWTH
pattern of physiologic growth is similar to all people
GROWTH
- Height
- Weight
- Bone size
- Dentition
INDICATORS OF GROWTH
Used to denote an increase in skill or the ability to
function.
DEVELOPMENT
Qualitative change, behavioral aspect of growth.
DEVELOPMENT
- A synonym for development
- Behaving in a sensible grown up way
MATURATION
- GENETICS
- ENVIRONMENT
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
- Socio-economic level
- Parent-child relationship
- Ordinal position in the family
- Health
- Nutrition
- ENVIRONMENT
- Gender
- Race
- Health
- Intelligence
- GENETICS
a skill or a growth responsibility arising at a particular time in an individual`s life.
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
successful achievement will provide a foundation for the accomplishment of future tasks
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
SIGMUND FREUD
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Refers to the Personality Development
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
concepts of unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, the id, ego and the superego
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
- ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
STRUCTURES OF THE PSYCHE
developed during infancy operates under
“pleasure principle”
- ID
developed during toddler period operates under “reality principle”
- EGO
balances the id and superego
- EGO
developed during preschool period operates
under “conscience-morality principle”
- SUPEREGO
- ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
- ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
- PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
FIVE STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Child explores the world by using the mouth, esp.
the tongue
- ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
Feelings of dependence arise & can persist through
life.
- ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
difficulty in trusting others may be demonstrated
FIXATION : ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
- Nail-biting
- Smoking
- Overeating
- Alcoholism
- Argumentativeness
- Overdependence
FIXATION : ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
produces pleasure & sense of comfort & safety
POSITIVE : ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
- Provide oral stimulation like pacifiers.
- Do not discourage thumb sucking.
- Encourage breastfeeding
- Encourage the caregiver to have feeding
pleasurable & provide when required
ORAL STAGE (birth - 18 months)
Anus & rectum are the centers of pleasure
- ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
occurs during toilet training in which child learns
to control urination & defecation
- ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
obsessive compulsive personality traits (cruelty, temper tantrums,etc.)
FIXATION: 2. ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
creative personality & productivity.
PRODUCTIVITY: 2. ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
Help the child achieve bowel & bladder elimination
without undue emphasis on its importance
- ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
Even when hospitalized, continue toilet training.
- ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years)
Genitals are the center of pleasure
- PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Child learns sexual identity through the awareness
of the genital area
- PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Masturbation offers pleasure
- PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
difficulties with sexual identity & problems with authority
FIXATION: 3. PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
encourages identity & identifies with the parent of the opposite sex & later takes on a love relationship.
POSITIVE: 3. PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
refers to the male child`s attraction to his mother & hostile attitudes to his father.
Oedipus Complex
refers to the female child`s attraction to his father & hostile attitudes to his mother
Electra Complex
.Explain to the caregiver to accept the child`s
interest like fondling with his genitals
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Help the parents answer the child`s questions
about birth & sexual differences
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
Child`s personality dev’t appears to be non-active or dormant
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Energy is directed to physical & intellectual
activities
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Sexual impulses tend to be repressed
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
obsessiveness & lack of self-motivation
FIXATION: 4. LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
high self-esteem
POSITIVE: 4. LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Help the child to have positive experiences to help
in the dev`t of his self-esteem
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Help the child prepare for the conflicts of
adolescence.
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Encourage the child with intellectual & physical
pursuits
- LATENCY STAGE (6-12 YRS. OLD)
Energy is directed towards attaining a mature
sexual relationship
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
This involves reactivation of the pre-genital
impulses
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
sexual problems (frigidity, impotence & inability to have a satisfactory sexual relationship)
FIXATION: 5. GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
achievement of independence & wise decision making
POSITIVE: 5. GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
Encourage separation from parents.
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
Provide opportunities for the child to relate to the
opposite sex
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
Allow the child to verbalize feelings about new
relationships
- GENITAL STAGE (13 yrs. & after)
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
ERIK ERIKSON
Adapts & expands Freud`s theory to include the entire life span
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Believes the ego to be the conscious core of the
personality.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Each stage signals a Task that must be achieved
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
The resolution of the Task can be complete, partial
or unsuccessful
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
- INFANCY (0-1) : TRUST VS. MISTRUST
- TODDLER (1-3) : AUTONOMY VS. SHAME& DOUBT
- PRE-SCHOOL (3-5): INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
- SCHOOL AGE (6-12): INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
- ADOLESCENT (12-20) IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION
8 STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
TRUST VS. MISTRUST
INFANCY (0-1)
INDICATORS OF (+) RESOLUTION
1. Trust to others
2. Confidence
3. Love
INFANCY (0-1) : TRUST VS. MISTRUST
INDICATORS OF (-) RESOLUTION
1. Mistrust
2. Withdrawal
3. Estrangement
INFANCY (0-1) : TRUST VS. MISTRUST
NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
1. Provide a primary caregiver
2. Provide an experience that add to security e.g. soft
sounds and touch
3. Provide visual stimulation for active child
involvement
INFANCY (0-1) : TRUST VS. MISTRUST
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME& DOUBT
TODDLER (1-3)
INDICATORS OF (+) RESOLUTION
1. Independence
2. Decides for self
3. Self-control
4. Cooperative
5. Self-expression
TODDLER (1-3) : AUTONOMY VS. SHAME& DOUBT
INDICATORS OF (-) RESOLUTION
1. Compulsive self-restraint (impulsive), or
compliance
2. Willfulness (rebellious) and defiance (refusal
to obey)
TODDLER (1-3) : AUTONOMY VS. SHAME& DOUBT
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
1. Provide opportunities for decision making
2. Praise for ability to make decisions
3. Caregivers should allow children to do things they
want to do
TODDLER (1-3) : AUTONOMY VS. SHAME& DOUBT
INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
PRE-SCHOOL (3-5)
INDICATORS OF (+) RESOLUTION
1. Learns how to do things
2. Assertiveness
3. Purpose
4. Evaluates own behavior
PRE-SCHOOL (3-5): INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
INDICATORS OF (-) RESOLUTION
1. Lack of self-confidence
2. Pessimism
3. Fear of wrongdoing
4. Over control/Over restriction of own activity
PRE-SCHOOL (3-5): INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
1. Provide opportunities for exploring new places
and activities
2. Allow play to include activities involving water,
clay, or finger paint
PRE-SCHOOL (3-5): INITIATIVE VS. GUILT
INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
SCHOOL AGE (6-12)
INDICATORS OF (+) RESOLUTION
1. Learns how to do things well
2. Able to create, develop and manipulate
3. Sense of competence and perseverance
SCHOOL AGE (6-12): INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
INDICATORS OF (-) RESOLUTION
1. Loss of hope
2. Withdrawal from school and peer.
SCHOOL AGE (6-12): INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY
NURSING IMPLICATIONS:
1. Allow child to assemble and complete a short
project so that child feels rewarded for accomplishments
SCHOOL AGE (6-12): INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY