CARING OF A FAMILY WITH AN INFANT Flashcards
1
Q
infant avg birth weight
A
3500 grams
2
Q
infant weight First 6 months
A
2 lbs/month = DOUBLES BW
3
Q
infant weight second 6 months
A
1 lb/month = DOUBLES BW
4
Q
infant weight 12 months
A
↑ 50%
5
Q
infant avg birth height
A
20 in / 46-54 cm
6
Q
infant birth height first 6 months
A
↑ 1 in/month
7
Q
infant birth height first 12 months
A
↑ 50%
8
Q
INFANT HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE at birth
A
35 cm
9
Q
INFANT HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE FIRST 6 MONTHS
A
↑ 1.5 cm/month
10
Q
INFANT HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE SECOND 6 MONTHS
A
↑ 0.5 cm/month
11
Q
Anterior fontanelle closes at
A
12-18 months
12
Q
Posterior fontanelle closes at
A
2 months
13
Q
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE Should be _________than head circumference.
A
2-3 cm smaller
14
Q
infant Heart rate slows to
A
100-120 beats per minute.
15
Q
infant Pulse rate slows with inhalation
A
sinus arrhythmia
16
Q
infant Blood pressure elevates to
A
100/60 mmHg
17
Q
Fetal hemoglobin → adult hemoglobin at____of age.
A
5-6 months
18
Q
infant Serum Fe↓ at
A
6-9 months
19
Q
infant Respiratory rate slows to
A
30-60 breaths per minute
20
Q
infants has _____mucous production
A
INSUFFICIENT
21
Q
Amylase is deficient in infants until
A
3 months
22
Q
infant has deficient_____& immature_____
A
lipase; liver & urinary system
23
Q
Average urine output of infants
A
350-550 ml/day
24
Q
infant’s endocrine system is immature to_____
A
pituitary stimulation
25
infant's immune system is fxnal at
2 months
26
infant's IgG and IgM produced at
12 months
27
infants shiver at
6 months
28
infant's ECF is _____ of body weight
35%
29
infant's CF is _____ of body weight
40%
30
Regards object at midline and 18 inches away.
1 MONTH
31
follows object across midline
follows object across midline
32
recognizes familiar objects
4 MONTHS
33
- Organized depth perception
- may develop STRABISMUS
6 MONTHS
34
pats image in a mirror
7 MONTHS
35
looks for concealed object
10 MONTHS
36
Quiets momentarily at a distinctive sound.
1 MONTH
37
- Stops an activity at the sound of spoken words
2 MONTHS
38
Turns head to locate a sound
3 MONTHS
39
Looks in the direction of a distinctive sound
4 MONTHS
40
Localizes sounds downward and to the side
5 MONTHS
41
Locates sounds made above them
6 MONTHS
42
Recognizes name and listens when spoken to
10 MONTHS
43
- Locates sounds in any direction & turn toward it
12 MONTHS
44
infants Smells accurately within
1 or 2 hours after birth
45
infants Responds to irritating smell by
drawing back
46
Lifts and turns head side to side
NEONATE
47
No head lag
3 MONTHS
48
Rolls from front to back
5 MONTHS
49
Sits leaning forward
7 MONTHS
50
Sits without support
8 MONTHS
51
Creeps, pulls self to stand
9 MONTHS
52
Cruises
10 MONTHS
53
Stands alone, walks with support
12 MONTHS
54
1 MONTH
Strong grasp reflex
55
Grasps reflex fades
2 MONTHS
56
- Reaches for objects
3 MONTHS
57
Brings hand together and pull clothes
4 MONTHS
58
Reach and pick up objects with the whole hand
5 MONTHS
59
Holds object with both hands
6 MONTHS
60
- Transfers toy from one hand to another
7 MONTHS
61
Uses PINCER GRASP
10 MONTHS
62
Draws semi-straight line, builds tower of 2 block
12 MONTHS
63
1. Establish schedule
2. Ensure that care be given largely by one person
3. Respond to needs promptly
WAYS TO PROMOTE TRUST
64
Stranger anxiety at
8 months
65
WAYS TO MINIMIZE ANXIETY:
1. Cuddling and warmth of caregiver
2. Provide security object
66
Social smile
2 MONTHS
67
Recognizes familiar faces
3 MONTHS
68
enjoys social interaction
4 months
69
smile at mirror image
5 months
70
beginning stranger anxiety
6 months
71
peak of stranger anxiety
8 months
72
show jealousy and affection
12 months
73
INFANTS TYPE OF PLAY
Solitary Play (non-interactive)
74
1. mobiles
2. mirrors
3. music boxes
4. stuffed animals
5. rattles
1-3 months
75
1. squeeze toys
2. busy boxes
3. play gyms
4-6 months
76
1. textured toys
2. bath toys
3. large blocks
4. large balls
7-9 months
77
1. books with large pictures
2. building blocks
3. push-pull toys
10-12 months
78
coos
1 month
79
differentiates cry
2 months
80
squeal in response to smile
3 months
81
bubbles and gurgles
4 months
82
says simple vowel sounds e.g. mama
5 months
83
imitates sounds
6 months
84
pronounces combined syllables
8 months
85
speaks first word, understands no-no
9 months
86
says and understands ma-ma and da-da in correct context
10 months
87
says 2 -10 words in correct context
12 months
88
Birth or any time
1 DOSE
Tuberculosis
BCG
89
6 weeks age
3 doses
4 wks inter
Diphtheria, Pertussis and tetanus
DPT
90
6 weeks age
3 doses
4 wks inter
Poliomyelitis
OPV
91
Birth or any time
3 doses
4 weeks inter
Hepatitis B
HEPATITIS B
92
9 months age
1 dose
Measles
MEASLES
93
BREAST MILK is the best food during the first
12 months
94
may be given if there is milk allergy
Soy milk
95
may be given if not breastfeeding
Commercial iron-fortified formula
96
should be given if taking cow’s milk before 1 year of age
Vitamin C and Iron
97
Vitamin C and Iron should be given if taking cow’s milk before
1 yr of age
98
A newborn can hold milk approximately
30 ml (2 tablespoons)
99
Infant feeding should not exceed
240 ml (1 cup)
100
A normal full-term infant can thrive on breast
milk or iron-fortified formula exclusively until
4-6 months
101
Biting movements begin at approximately
3 months
102
Chewing begins at
7-9 months
103
Extrusion reflex fades at
3-4 months
104
Wait ________ before introducing new food
5-7 days
105
Introduce only small amount of new food ____ at a time
(1-2 tsp)
106
Do not initiate feeding until the infant is already
4-6 months old
107
Do not use food opened_____ago
48 hours
108
Cereal
5-6 months
109
Fortified with B vitamins and minerals
Least allergenic type of food
Prevents iron deficiency anemia
Easily digested
Cereal
110
Vegetables
7 months
111
Has higher iron content than fruits
Usually offered at lunch
Offer yellow and green vegetables
Vegetables
112
Fruits
8 months
113
Best source of Vitamins C and A
Adds texture and flavors to diet
Added to cereal for breakfast and dinner
Typical fruits include banana & peaches
Fruits
114
Meat
9 months
115
Good source of protein, iron,& vitamin B
Beef and pork are priority (have more iron than chicken)
Typically added as part of an evening meal in place of cereal
Meat
116
Eggs
10 months
117
Egg yolk contains
iron
118
egg whites contain
proteins
119
part of egg should be given fist
Egg yolk
120
– 1 inch cylinder objects like carrot or hotdog
– deflated balloons
– teddy bear with small button eyes
– clothing with small decorative items
– toys or rattles with small parts
ASPIRATION: Objects to avoid
121
Avoid offering pop corn or peanuts until
5 years old
122
Do not place infants_____in a bassinet
2 months and older
123
Make sure that side rails of cribs are high enough
and _____
2 3/8 apart
124
Use car seats until preschool or until child
reaches
40-60 lbs
125
Place infants up to _____ in rear-facing seats in
the back seat
20 lbs
126
Use sunscreen on a child over____when in direct or indirect contact to sunlight
6 months
127
Do not expose to sunlight to more than
30 minutes at a time
128
sleep 9-11 hours at night
3-4 months
129
sleeps when not eating
Neonates
130
morning and afternoon naps
12 months
131
Give fluoride at
6-12 months
132
Change diapers every
2-4 hours
133
to prevent diaper rashes, apply
Desitin, A & D ointment or baby powder
134
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 10-15 mg/kg q4 hours for pain
Teething Management
135
thumb sucking; Use pacifier as an alternative until
3 months
136
Sleep Problems Management; Delay bedtime by
1 hour
137
Constipation Management; Give apple juice ____or prune juice ______
(3-4 oz) ; (0.5-1 oz daily)
138
Examine infants for anal fissure or tight anal sphincter if constipation lasts beyond
1 week
139
for tight anal sphincters, Manual dilatation of sphincter ____
2-3 times daily
140
Sit the infant for _____after feeding
half an hour
141
Signs of Fungal Infection
* Bright red and pinpoint lesions
* Not relieved after 3 days
142
Obesity Management; Avoid giving more than ____of formula daily
32 oz
