Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research Methods in Health > Week 06 > Flashcards

Week 06 Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the set of persons, places, things or events that are studied in the research

A

Sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sampling methods have three stages….?

A
  1. The items to be sampled - deciding what sort (selection criteria, eligibility criteria)
  2. How many items will be sampled - sample size
  3. How the sample will be obtained - recruitment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

census = research conducted using ….?

A

The entire population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Population = entire set of ….?

A

Possible cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Only practical for a census when:

A
  • Population is small
  • All cases are easily accessible
  • Enough time and money
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Census us useful when cases are so ______ that no sample could adequately describe population

A

different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A sample too small increases risk of …?

A

non-representativeness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Representativeness less important in qualitative research because they are not…

A

attempting to generalise to population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unrepresentative sample can happen for two reasons …?

A
  • Bias: bad methods, over estimates or under estimates

- Chance: accidentally as sample was biased from population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Increasing sampling size will not reduced bias as _____ is poor

A

method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If sampling method unbiased - any error is ____ error

A

random

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What percentage of males to females in adequate

A

40% to 60%, but not ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For human research, a person can participate if they (3)?

A
  • They have necessary inclusion criteria
  • has all sufficient inclusion criteria
  • does not have exclusion criteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A person cannot participate if (3)?

A
  • They don’t have necessary inclusion criteria
  • Don’t have all sufficient inclusion criteria
  • do have exclusion criteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quantitative research should expect over ____ participants for unbiased paper

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Qualitative research participant amount?

A

10 people may be enough, 20 is considered large study

17
Q

Power analysis is a statistical method of determining ________ (quantitative only)

A

sample size

18
Q

Power analysis is based on 3 factors:

A
  • statistical test used - different tests have more or less power
  • Minimum size of population effect you want reasonable chance of detecting
  • Tolerance for Type II errors
19
Q

_____ sample size gives more statistical power - even too much

A

Larger

20
Q

study’s general approach to sample is the sampling ____

A

method

21
Q

Method specific to study for how participants were included in study is the _____

A

recruitment

22
Q

Probability Sampling is ____ sampling

A

random

23
Q

______ sampling aims for sampling representatives of population
- May use sampling frame = set of potentially eligible participants

A

probability

24
Q

Simple random sampling works like a _____

A

lottery, everyone has equal chance

25
Q

Systematic sampling with random ordering uses a ___

A

list, ever ___ number the person is chosen

26
Q

Systematic sampling with random ordering can be unbiased IF…

A

the list is not random

27
Q

Stratified random sampling is random samples drawn from identified _____ in sampling frame

A

subgroups

28
Q

Proportionate stratified random sampling aims for…

A

sample group sizes to be equal to population (50% male 50% female)

29
Q

Disproportionate stratified random sampling aims for…

A

different to population (good for targeting minorities, loses representativeness)

30
Q

Cluster sampling is random sampling within…

A

random samples

31
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of cluster sampling..?

A
  • Advantage: researcher doesn’t need to start with complete list of population (concentrates of population sub set)
  • Disadvantage: May be statistically inefficient –> larger sample needed
32
Q

Non-probability sampling is…

A

Non-random process for selection from sampling frame or other list of potentially eligible candidates

33
Q

Quota sampling is when researchers decide….

A

How many cases per group so sample matches population or some other criterion such as equal per group
- aims for representativeness but not always achieved

34
Q

Purposive sampling (judgemental sampling) is when researchers..

A

Researchers specifically and deliberately invite people or choose cases that match research aims
- no attempt for representativeness

35
Q

Snowball sampling is…

A

Uses participants personal social network to identify and recruit additional participants

  • “friend of a friend” sampling
  • high risk of bias
  • recommended for qualitative only
36
Q

Self-selection sampling is when….

A

volunteers offer or self select

  • likely bias
  • very ethical method
37
Q

Convenience sampling is when…

A

Recruit participants are most available (most convenient)

  • no randomise, high bias
  • also called incidental sampling
38
Q

Matching (not strictly a sampling method) is when…

A

Researchers allocate and try to match groups to be similar to each other (problem: it is impossible to match completely)

39
Q

Sampling across time is when…

A
  • Results depend on timing, when the data is collected

Research Methods in Health (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions