Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Research Methods in Health > Week 01 > Flashcards

Week 01 Flashcards

1
Q

Reflective healthcare demonstrates…

A

understands limits to knowledge, accepts responsibility, adaptable, can test ideas, open minded, informed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanical mindset (robot worker) demonstrates…

A

works by habit, too confident, “no better way’, ignores new evidence, can’t explain reasoning behind things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

empirical evidence means….

A

based on experiment, observation and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does evidence based practice use existing research or make new research?

A

Uses existing research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

You can evaluate evidence quality if you know 2 things…

A
  • how to interpret the evidence

- common problems that can happen in research e.g. bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The three types of quantitative research are…

A
  1. Intervention studies
  2. Observational studies
  3. Systematic reviews
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are intervention studies?

A
  • Researcher sets up what happen to subject (e.g. test treatment for disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are observational studies?

A

Researcher doesn’t set up what happens, they just observe, e.g. looks at associations between events or personal characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of types of intervention studies

A
  • Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
  • Pseudo or non randomised
  • Subjects in at least two groups receive treatments, pseudo or none
  • Outcomes measured before and after
  • Change in outcome compared for treatments
  • Investigates cause and effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give examples of observational studies

A
  • Epidemiological studies in general

- Descriptive studies (surveys, case reports)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pro and con of observational study?

A
  • These are helpful when intervention studies are unethical/not practical
  • They aren’t as able to show cause and effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Qualitative research _____ scientific method

A

rejects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Qualitative research _____ subjective reality as _____ reality

A

accepts, only reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Qualitative research is _____ dependent

A

context (specific to time and place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methodology is…

A

The overall approach to research (qualitative or quantitative) , it’s what’s practical determines methods (different ways of choosing participants and collecting data)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methods are…

A

Processes including procedures for doing the research (METHODOLOGY and what’s practical determines METHODS)

17
Q

Stages in a research project (9)

A
  1. Identify a problem that needs solving
  2. Find out what’s already known - background information
  3. Identify gap in knowledge
  4. List what we need to know to solve the research problem
  5. Devise a research question
  6. Propose research aims and hypotheses (predicted results if quantitative)
  7. Analyse the data
  8. Interpret report results
  9. Discuss results and their implications
18
Q

The introduction aligns with the _______ during research?

A

background and rationale

19
Q

The Methods section aligns with the _______ during research?

A

procedures for how research is conducted

20
Q

The Results aligns with the _______ during research?

A

data analysis and basic findings

21
Q

The Discussion aligns with the _______ during research?

A

Interpretation, implications and relating to original problems

22
Q

What are the three types of validity?

A
  • Internal
  • External
  • Measurement
23
Q

Define internal validity…

A
  • The validity of conclusions from the research itself

- Whether the conclusions are true, cause and effect are valid

24
Q

Define external validity…

A
  • Whether the conclusions from the study will apply (generalise) beyond the study to similar or even fairly different situations from the study
  • Results from the study may be correct but may not apply to other relevant situations where we would expect the evidence to apply (external validity problem)
25
Q

What is the difference between generalisability and applicability?

A

Generalisability = extending sample results to the same population from which sample was drawn (similar situations)

Applicability = whether results apply to other populations and contexts (various situations)

26
Q

What is the Rosenthal effect?

A

It’s about participants expectations, high expectations alone could lead to better performance

27
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

A

Individuals change or improve behaviour because they know they’re being studied.

28
Q

General criteria for evidence quality (3)?

A
  • Validity
  • Generalisability
  • Applicability
29
Q

GRADE system stands for:

A 
Grading of 
Recommendations,
Assessment,
Development and
Evaluation

Used for developing clinical guidelines

30
Q

Clinical Practice Guidelines are….

A

“… statements that include recommendations intended to optimise patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options”

31
Q

Define homeopathy

A

Homeopathy is a complementary or alternative (natural) medical approach to preventing or treating a variety of ailments.

32
Q

Two arguments for and against homeopathy; theoretical….?, empirical…

A
  • Theoretical arguments state in principle why homeopathy could or could not work
  • Empirical arguments state whether homeopathy does or does not work
33
Q

Verifiable =

A

possible to be proved true.

34
Q

Falsifiable =

A

possible to be proved untrue

Research Methods in Health (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions