Week 01 Flashcards
Reflective healthcare demonstrates…
understands limits to knowledge, accepts responsibility, adaptable, can test ideas, open minded, informed.
Mechanical mindset (robot worker) demonstrates…
works by habit, too confident, “no better way’, ignores new evidence, can’t explain reasoning behind things
empirical evidence means….
based on experiment, observation and experience
Does evidence based practice use existing research or make new research?
Uses existing research
You can evaluate evidence quality if you know 2 things…
- how to interpret the evidence
- common problems that can happen in research e.g. bias
The three types of quantitative research are…
- Intervention studies
- Observational studies
- Systematic reviews
What are intervention studies?
- Researcher sets up what happen to subject (e.g. test treatment for disease)
What are observational studies?
Researcher doesn’t set up what happens, they just observe, e.g. looks at associations between events or personal characteristics
Give examples of types of intervention studies
- Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
- Pseudo or non randomised
- Subjects in at least two groups receive treatments, pseudo or none
- Outcomes measured before and after
- Change in outcome compared for treatments
- Investigates cause and effect
Give examples of observational studies
- Epidemiological studies in general
- Descriptive studies (surveys, case reports)
Pro and con of observational study?
- These are helpful when intervention studies are unethical/not practical
- They aren’t as able to show cause and effect
Qualitative research _____ scientific method
rejects
Qualitative research _____ subjective reality as _____ reality
accepts, only reality
Qualitative research is _____ dependent
context (specific to time and place)
Methodology is…
The overall approach to research (qualitative or quantitative) , it’s what’s practical determines methods (different ways of choosing participants and collecting data)
Methods are…
Processes including procedures for doing the research (METHODOLOGY and what’s practical determines METHODS)
Stages in a research project (9)
- Identify a problem that needs solving
- Find out what’s already known - background information
- Identify gap in knowledge
- List what we need to know to solve the research problem
- Devise a research question
- Propose research aims and hypotheses (predicted results if quantitative)
- Analyse the data
- Interpret report results
- Discuss results and their implications
The introduction aligns with the _______ during research?
background and rationale
The Methods section aligns with the _______ during research?
procedures for how research is conducted
The Results aligns with the _______ during research?
data analysis and basic findings
The Discussion aligns with the _______ during research?
Interpretation, implications and relating to original problems
What are the three types of validity?
- Internal
- External
- Measurement
Define internal validity…
- The validity of conclusions from the research itself
- Whether the conclusions are true, cause and effect are valid
Define external validity…
- Whether the conclusions from the study will apply (generalise) beyond the study to similar or even fairly different situations from the study
- Results from the study may be correct but may not apply to other relevant situations where we would expect the evidence to apply (external validity problem)
