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Phar 507 > Weed, Marijuana, Cannibis > Flashcards

Weed, Marijuana, Cannibis Flashcards

1
Q

What is cannabis

A

A genus of flowering plants that belong to cannabaceae

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2
Q

What are the related plants to cannabis

A

C. sativa, C. indica, C. ruderalis, hemp

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3
Q

Where does the medicinal benefit come from

A

Unfertilized female plants creating cannabinoids

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4
Q

What is strain, hybrid

A

variety of cannabis plants that have a particular characteristic that might be used to express a specific desired effect, cross between tow genetically different strains of cannabis

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5
Q

Why is the sativa stimulating, while the indica strain is more relaxing (body high)

A

Higher in THC, Mix of THC/CBD (higher CBD)

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6
Q

What are terpenes

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons that cause the smell and taste

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7
Q

What are cannabinoids most likely to cause the effects of cannabis, how are they made

A

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), trichomes (tiny glands of resinous oil)

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8
Q

What are the positive effects of THC

A

Analgeisa, antiemetic, appetite stimulation, muscle relaxant, sleep aid, euphoria

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of THC

A

Euproria (low doses), anxiety (too high of a dose), acute pschosis, tachycardia, cannabinoid hyperemsis syndrome

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10
Q

How can someone tell if a patient has cannabinoid hyperesis syndrome

A

They feel better after a hot shower

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11
Q

What are the positive effects of CBD

A

Analgesia, anticonvulsant, less anxiety, muscle relaxant, may reduce undesirable pschoactive effects of THC

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of CBD

A

Diarrhea, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, loss of appetite, possible liver injury

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13
Q

What is the THC analog available in the US, what is the route, indicalation

A

Cesamet (Nabilone), oral, Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)

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14
Q

What are the synthetic THCs approved in the US, what is the route of administration, indication

A

Marinol and Syndros (Dronabinol), Oral, CINV and anorxeia

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15
Q

What is the concentrated CBD from cannibis extract available in the US

A

Epidolex (cannabidol), Lennox-Sataut syndrome and Dravet syndrome

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16
Q

What is the endocannabinoid system (ECS)

A

An endogenous homeostatic system present in all vertebrates that plays an important role in the nervous system and influences multiple physiologic processes

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17
Q

What are the three components of ECS

A

Receptors, endocannabinoids, regulatory enzymes

18
Q

What are the receptors of the ECS

A

Cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor-2

19
Q

What are the endogenous cannabinoids

A

Anandamine/AEA and 2-AG

20
Q

What are the regulatory enzymes of the ECS

A

FAAH and MAGL

21
Q

What is the difference in Activity between CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors

A

CB1 receptors modulate the release of different neurotransmitters while CB2 generally inhibits immune cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines

22
Q

T/F: CB1 receptors are outside the CNS while CB2 receptors are inside the CNS

A

False: CB1 receptors are inside the CNS while CB2 is outside the CNS

23
Q

Why is the use of cannabis not associated with coma/respiratory depression

A

Lack of CB receptors in the brainstem

24
Q

Which receptor does THC more often bind to, CBD

A

CB1, It doesn’t bind either

25
Q

What type of signaling is done in ECS, how

A

Retrograde, POST-SYNAPTIC cells from variety of signals endocannabinoids are produced ON DEMAND where they are released by cells (NOT STORED IN VESICLES)

26
Q

T/F: Endocannabinoids made by the post-synaptic cell binds pre-synaptic G-coupled protiens resulting hyperpolarization and decrease neurotransmitter release

A

True

27
Q

Where does exogenous CBD work in the ESC, what are the consequences

A

Inhibits FAAH, More anadamide is available to act on CB receptors

28
Q

Why is cannabis with high CBD: THC ratio associated with fewer psychoacitve effects

A

CBD inhibits the degredation of endogenous cannabinoid (anadamide) and its prologened presence prevents THC from interactive with CB receptors, INHBITS FIST PASS METABOLISM of THC into 11-hydroxy-THC (stronger psychoactive properties)

29
Q

T/F: Hemp is a genetic variant of C. sativa bred to maximize fiber content and the THC concentration is less than 0.3%

A

True

30
Q

T/F: Cannabis can be recommended but no prescribed

A

True

31
Q

Why would smokable products have THCA and CBDA

A

These are needed to convert to THC and CBD when heated

32
Q

Which types of routes of cannabis are the fastest, duration

A

Smoke or vaped, 2 to 6 hours

33
Q

How long is the onset for oral routes of cannabis, peak duration, bioavailability tip, con

A

30-90 mins, 2-3 hours, 4-24 hours, 4-20% increase if eaten with fatty food/ Potent metabolite (11-hydroxy-THC)

34
Q

What cannabis use do to the heart

A

Increased cardiac workload, increase in catecholamines, and postural hypotension

35
Q

Why is oral consumption of THC more potent

A

First pass metabolism converts a significant portion of THC into 11-hydroxy THC that is not only longer lasting but also potentially more psychoactive

36
Q

Which route has a quick onset but also lasts long

A

Oro-mucosal (not good for cancer patient with no saliva)

37
Q

What enyzme does cannabis smoke induce

A

1A2

38
Q

What enzymes are substrates of THC, inhibit

A

2C19, 2C9, and 3A4/ 3A4

39
Q

What enzymes are substrates of CBD

A

2C19 and 3A4

40
Q

What enzymes are inhibited by CBD

A

2C19, 3A4, 2D6, 2C9

41
Q

What is there milited evidence for cannibis use benefits

A

Increasing appetite and decreasing weight loss associated with HIV/AIDS, improve MS spasticity, improving symptoms of terrests, improving anxiety sympomts, symptoms of PTSD

42
Q

What does cannabis not do

A

Improve dementia, improve glaucoma, depressive symptoms in chronic pain or MS

Phar 507 (33 decks)

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