Weed, Marijuana, Cannibis Flashcards
What is cannabis
A genus of flowering plants that belong to cannabaceae
What are the related plants to cannabis
C. sativa, C. indica, C. ruderalis, hemp
Where does the medicinal benefit come from
Unfertilized female plants creating cannabinoids
What is strain, hybrid
variety of cannabis plants that have a particular characteristic that might be used to express a specific desired effect, cross between tow genetically different strains of cannabis
Why is the sativa stimulating, while the indica strain is more relaxing (body high)
Higher in THC, Mix of THC/CBD (higher CBD)
What are terpenes
Aromatic hydrocarbons that cause the smell and taste
What are cannabinoids most likely to cause the effects of cannabis, how are they made
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), trichomes (tiny glands of resinous oil)
What are the positive effects of THC
Analgeisa, antiemetic, appetite stimulation, muscle relaxant, sleep aid, euphoria
What are the adverse effects of THC
Euproria (low doses), anxiety (too high of a dose), acute pschosis, tachycardia, cannabinoid hyperemsis syndrome
How can someone tell if a patient has cannabinoid hyperesis syndrome
They feel better after a hot shower
What are the positive effects of CBD
Analgesia, anticonvulsant, less anxiety, muscle relaxant, may reduce undesirable pschoactive effects of THC
What are the adverse effects of CBD
Diarrhea, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, loss of appetite, possible liver injury
What is the THC analog available in the US, what is the route, indicalation
Cesamet (Nabilone), oral, Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
What are the synthetic THCs approved in the US, what is the route of administration, indication
Marinol and Syndros (Dronabinol), Oral, CINV and anorxeia
What is the concentrated CBD from cannibis extract available in the US
Epidolex (cannabidol), Lennox-Sataut syndrome and Dravet syndrome
What is the endocannabinoid system (ECS)
An endogenous homeostatic system present in all vertebrates that plays an important role in the nervous system and influences multiple physiologic processes
What are the three components of ECS
Receptors, endocannabinoids, regulatory enzymes
What are the receptors of the ECS
Cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor-2
What are the endogenous cannabinoids
Anandamine/AEA and 2-AG
What are the regulatory enzymes of the ECS
FAAH and MAGL
What is the difference in Activity between CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors
CB1 receptors modulate the release of different neurotransmitters while CB2 generally inhibits immune cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
T/F: CB1 receptors are outside the CNS while CB2 receptors are inside the CNS
False: CB1 receptors are inside the CNS while CB2 is outside the CNS
Why is the use of cannabis not associated with coma/respiratory depression
Lack of CB receptors in the brainstem
Which receptor does THC more often bind to, CBD
CB1, It doesn’t bind either
What type of signaling is done in ECS, how
Retrograde, POST-SYNAPTIC cells from variety of signals endocannabinoids are produced ON DEMAND where they are released by cells (NOT STORED IN VESICLES)
T/F: Endocannabinoids made by the post-synaptic cell binds pre-synaptic G-coupled protiens resulting hyperpolarization and decrease neurotransmitter release
True
Where does exogenous CBD work in the ESC, what are the consequences
Inhibits FAAH, More anadamide is available to act on CB receptors
Why is cannabis with high CBD: THC ratio associated with fewer psychoacitve effects
CBD inhibits the degredation of endogenous cannabinoid (anadamide) and its prologened presence prevents THC from interactive with CB receptors, INHBITS FIST PASS METABOLISM of THC into 11-hydroxy-THC (stronger psychoactive properties)
T/F: Hemp is a genetic variant of C. sativa bred to maximize fiber content and the THC concentration is less than 0.3%
True
T/F: Cannabis can be recommended but no prescribed
True
Why would smokable products have THCA and CBDA
These are needed to convert to THC and CBD when heated
Which types of routes of cannabis are the fastest, duration
Smoke or vaped, 2 to 6 hours
How long is the onset for oral routes of cannabis, peak duration, bioavailability tip, con
30-90 mins, 2-3 hours, 4-24 hours, 4-20% increase if eaten with fatty food/ Potent metabolite (11-hydroxy-THC)
What cannabis use do to the heart
Increased cardiac workload, increase in catecholamines, and postural hypotension
Why is oral consumption of THC more potent
First pass metabolism converts a significant portion of THC into 11-hydroxy THC that is not only longer lasting but also potentially more psychoactive
Which route has a quick onset but also lasts long
Oro-mucosal (not good for cancer patient with no saliva)
What enyzme does cannabis smoke induce
1A2
What enzymes are substrates of THC, inhibit
2C19, 2C9, and 3A4/ 3A4
What enzymes are substrates of CBD
2C19 and 3A4
What enzymes are inhibited by CBD
2C19, 3A4, 2D6, 2C9
What is there milited evidence for cannibis use benefits
Increasing appetite and decreasing weight loss associated with HIV/AIDS, improve MS spasticity, improving symptoms of terrests, improving anxiety sympomts, symptoms of PTSD
What does cannabis not do
Improve dementia, improve glaucoma, depressive symptoms in chronic pain or MS
