Biological Basis of Mental Disorders Flashcards
What are the factors implicated in psychiatric disorders
Genetic, Biochemical, Enviornment
What catecholamines are important neutransmitters in brain disease theory
Norepinephrine and Dopamine
What is the compound 5-HT
Serotonin
What norepinephrine cell body has a part in mood and sleep, what does it mediate
Locus coeruleus/ Anxiety, dilated pupils, tremor, sweating, tachycardia
What mental changes or physical changes can norepinephrine cause if it goes to the frontal cortex, limbic system, cerebellum, spinal cord
Depression and attention, energy levels (agitation) and emotion, tremor, blood pressure
What dopamine pathway causes GOOD FEELINGS, what disease is associated with this pathway, what other event is associated with this pathway
Tegmentum to nucleus accumbens (mesolimbic), Schizophrenia, drug abuse
What dopamine pathway is also associated with schizophrenia, what thought process is done with this pathway
Tegmentum to the cortex (mesocortical), reasoning
T/F: The tuberoinfundibular pathway is associated with release of pituitary hormones and starts from the hypothalmus (hyperprolactinemia)
True
What cell body does a large amount of serotonin regulation, what happens when serotonin travels to the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, limbic, hypothalmus, spinal cord
Raphe nucleus, Mood, akathisia (movement) and OCD, anxiety, appetite, sexual dyfunction
How dose serotonin cause nausea and vomiting
Bind to the 5-HT3 pathways as agonists
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
functional overactivity in mesolimbic dopamine pathway and functional hypoactivity in mesocortical dopamine pathway
What are weakness of antipyschotics
Block dopamine receptors acutely but therapeutic effect not seen until 2-6 weeks into treatment, difficult to demonstrate functional dopamine abnormalities in untreated schizophrenic patients
T/F: Mesolimbic pathway overactivity leads to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia while hypoactivity of the mesocortical pathway causes positive symptoms
False: MESOLIMBIC pathway overactivity leads to POSITIVE symptoms of schizophrenia while hypoactivity of the MESOCORTICAL pathway causes NEGATIVE symptoms
What is the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia
functional hypoactivity in brain glutamated mediated by NMDA receptor resulting in a functional hyperactivity in dopamine
What is the spectrum of exictation by glutamate
normal excitation -> excess excitaiton/mania and panic -> exictotoxicty/damage to neurons -> excitotoxicity/slow neuro-degeneration-> excitotoxicity/catastrophic neurodegeneration
