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Phar 507 > Pharmacology of Antipsychotic Drugs > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Antipsychotic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What disease do antipsychotic drugs treat

A

Schizophrenia

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2
Q

How do ALL antipsychotic drugs control symptoms

A

Inhibit dopamine transmission

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3
Q

What are the receptors in the D1 family

A

D1 receptors, D5 receptors

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4
Q

Which type of antipsychotics block the D1 receptors

A

Phenothiazines

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5
Q

What receptors are located in the limibc system, amygdala

A

D3 and D5, D4

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6
Q

What are the receptors in the D2 family

A

D2 receptors, D3 receptors, D4 receptors

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7
Q

What receptors in the D2 family are blocked by all antipsychotics

A

D2 receptors

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8
Q

T/F: The dopamine receptors that are encountered for schizophrenia are all post synaptic

A

True

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9
Q

Which dopamine receptor does clozapine have the highest affinity for

A

D4

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10
Q

Are dopamine autoreceptors post-synpatic or pre-synaptic, what happens when encountered with an agonist, antagonists

A

Pre-synaptic, inhibits release of dopamine, increases dopamine release

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11
Q

What is the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

A

Hyperactivity of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway (positive symptoms) and hypoactivity of dopamine in the mesocortical pathway

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12
Q

What are the 4 most used phenothiazines

A

Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine

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13
Q

What is the thioxanthene used in schizophrenia

A

Thiothixene

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14
Q

What is the butyophenones, what receptors does it interact with

A

Haloperidol, alpha-1 and D2

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15
Q

What are the antipsychotics considered others

A

Molindone, loxapine, reserpine

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16
Q

What are the mixed antagonists antipsychotics

A

Clozapine, Olanzapine, quetiapine

17
Q

What are the seotonin dopamine antagonists, which has alpha-1 activity

A

Risperidone, plaiperidone, ziprasidone, iloperidone, asenapine, lurasidone/ risperidone

18
Q

What are the dopamine partial agonist and 5-HT2A antagonists

A

Aripiprazole, Brepiprazole, Cariprazine

19
Q

T/F: Antipsychotics cure scizophrenia

A

False: Antipsychotics supress psychotic behavior but DO NOT CURE IT

20
Q

How long does it take for antipyschotics to have full onset of action, which takes up to 12 weeks

A

2-6 weeks, clozapine

21
Q

How does serotonin affect dopamine

A

The more serotonin available the less dopamine available

22
Q

What is the MOA of atypical APs, How is this special

A

5HT2 antagonism increases dopamine release in prefrontal cortex (mesocortical pathway), NO 5HT2 antagonism/link in mesolimbic pathway therefore only D2 antagonism in the Mesolimbic pathway

23
Q

Why are the extrapyramidal side effects (shaking and slow movement) using APs

A

Blockade of D2 receptors in nigrostriatal pathway leading to excess acetylcholine

24
Q

What drugs can be given to counter EPS side effects

A

Antimuscarinics: cover the ACH receptors on the GABA system causing less side effects
5HT2 antagonists: increases release of dopamine to outcompete the D2 antagonism keeping ACH and dopamine in balance

25
Q

What is the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia, which antipsychotics cause this

A

Prolonged blockade of D2 receptors leads to hypersensitivity of D2 receptors, typical

26
Q

What are the antimuscarnic side effects of antipsychotics

A

Urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, dry mouth drowsiness

27
Q

What are the antiadrenergic effects of antispychtics

A

Decreased blood pressure, dizziness, drowsiness

28
Q

What are the antihistamine effects of antipsychotics

A

Weight gain and sedation

29
Q

What AP causes agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

30
Q

T/F: All antipsychotics lower the seizure threshold with clozapine needing the most caution

A

True

31
Q

What does blocking dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway cause

A

elevate prolactin

32
Q

What are the effects of pure D2 antagonism in the mesolimbic pathway, mesocortical pathway, nigrostriatal pathway, tuberoinfundibular pathway

A

Reduced positive symptoms of schizophrenia and lack of pleasure and reward, increased negative symptoms of schizophrenia, parkinsonism (EPS), elevated prolactin

33
Q

What are the benefits of of using serotonin anatagonists in schizophrenia patients and dopamine partial agonist

A

NO parkinsonism, No elevated prolactin, reduces positive symptoms and reduced negative symptoms

Phar 507 (33 decks)

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