Chemistry of Opiods and Narcotic Analgesics Flashcards
What are narcotic analgesics
Causing sleep or loss of consciousness injection with analgesic effect
Where are the opiod receptors primarily found
CNS and the GI tract
What was the first alkaloid to be isolated from a plant
Morphine
What are the five rings associated with morphine
Aromatic, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, piperidine, tetrahydrofurane
What are the functional groups in morphine
Phenol, tertiary amine, ether, allylic alchol
What physiological change causes mophine to yeild nor-morphine, what chesn
N-demethylation, decreased opioid activity and bioavailability
T/F: If morphine is ionzed it will not be able to enter the brain
True
What is the major pathway for metabolism of morphine, what are the metabolites
Glucoronidation, morphine-6-glucuronide (acitve), morphine-3-glucuronide (inactive)
What causes heroin to have more activity than morphine, how
Two acetyl grous added, higher bioavailability and enhanced BBB penetration
What are the endogenous opiod peptides
Enkephalins (delta opiod), beta-endorphin (mu opioid), dyunophorin (kappa opioid)
What is the amino acid that all endogenous peptides start with
Tyrosine
How are synthetic opioid peptides protected, protected from what
D-amino acids in place of L amino acids, The placement of bulky groups into the structure, conversion of the terminal carboxyl group into an alcohol or an amide/ carboxypeptidases
What are the two sites of the the mu receptor that allow for binding,where does morphine bind
T-site (Tyrosine) and P-site (Phenylalanine), T-site
Adding a substitution at what position alters or destroys activity of morphine
Position 3
What drug is a morphine derivative that binds at the P site of the receptor, what are the safety concerns
Meperidine/ pnetartes BBB quickly for rapid onset but high abuse potential, N-demethylation to nor-meperidine can cause tremors and seizures, Merperidine inhibits serotonin reuptake
