Wednesday, 4-27-RF, Hypothalamus, Limbic, & Olfactory (Stephens)

Question 1

This area is tested on the glasgow coma scale, level of consciousness, as well as drug impairment

Answer 1

Brainstem ARAS

Question 2

The brainstem ARAS conveys information to the cortex and and prefrontal cortex via __

Answer 2

Intralaminar reticular nuclei

Question 3

This part of the prefrontal cortex is associated with addiction, behavior/misbehavior, pleasure/punishment, as well as drugs

Answer 3

Septal areas

Question 4

Korsakoff’s syndrome is due to destruction of __

Answer 4

Bilateral destruction of the mammillary bodies

It may also result from pituitary tumors and a bitemporal hemianopsia is usually present in these cases

Question 5

What is the primary neurological deficit seen in Korsakoff’s syndrome?

Answer 5

Impairment of recent memory

Question 6

In the papez circuit, how does information get relayed from the hippocampus to the mammillary body?

What feeds into the hippocampus in the cortex of the papez circuit?

Answer 6

Fornix

Olfactory input and entorhinal cortex of uncus

Question 7

How does the amygdala relay information to the septal area and hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Amygdala –> septal area via stria terminalis

Amygdala –> hypothalamus via ventral amygdalofugal fibers

Question 8

How are the septal area, hypothalamus, and midbrain tegmentum (RF) connected?

Answer 8

Medial forebrain bundle

Question 9

The uncus and rostral parahippocampus make up the: __

Answer 9

Entorhinal cortex

Question 10

The __ is the chief input to the hippocampus, and apparently acts as a critical integrator and mediator of info to the hippocampus

Answer 10

Entorhinal cx

Question 11

___ is due to bilateral lesions of the hippocampi

Answer 11

Hippocampal amnesia

Question 12

In hippocampal amnesia, __ of the hippocampus are vulnerable to hypoxic or ischemic injury

Answer 12

Pyramidal cells of the CA1 region

The axons of these neurons form the fornix and also send recurrent collaterals to the entorhinal cx

Question 13

Within the cranial vault, any unilateral lesion that increases the hemispheric volume is likely to cause a herniation of the __ through the ipsilateral tentorial notch

Answer 13

Uncus or parahippocampal gyrus

Question 14

The ___ contains the principal discharge pathways for the olfactory/limbic systems and the hypothalamus. It plays an important role as a mediator of somatic and visceral components of autonomic, emotional and behavioral responses

Answer 14

RF