Wednesday, 4-27-Neuroembryology (Stephens)

Question 1

The vertebral column has grown longer than the SC and the conus medullaris is at the level of SV1 when the fetus is __ months

Answer 1

5

Question 2

The conus medullaris is at the level of LV3 when?

Answer 2

Neonate

Question 3

The conus medullaris is at the LV1-2 interspace and the nerve roots coursing in the lumbar cistern below the level of the conus medullaris are progressively lengthened due to differential growth and forms the cauda equina at this stage of development:

Answer 3

Adult

Question 4

__ is a vertebral column defect with exposure of primitive SC and/or nerves

Answer 4

Rachischisis

Question 5

__ is a vertebral column defect with herniation of meninges or neural tissue. It usually presents as a cystic, midline, hairy mass in the lumbar region of the vertebral column

Answer 5

Spinda bifida occulta

Question 6

Spina bifida occulta may be due to failure of the __ to induce development of overlying spinous processes

Answer 6

Roof plate of the neural tube

Question 7

__ is a vertebral column defect with herniation of the meninges

Answer 7

Meningocele

Question 8

__ is a vertebral column defect with herniation of meninges, spinal cord, and/or nerves

Answer 8

Meningomyelocele

Question 9

__ may be due to congenital stenosis of a portion of the ventricular system or certain fetal infections.

Answer 9

Hydrocephalus

Question 10

__ is a common cerebellar anomaly and is almost always present with meningomyelocele. It involves an elongation of the cerebellar vermis, which herniates through the foramen magnum and overlies a dorsally flexed medullospinal segment. Aqueductal stenosis, hydrocephalus, syringobulbia, syringomyelia, or polymicrogyria often accompany this malformation

Answer 10

Arnold-chiari malformation

Question 11

Anencephaly is a __ defect

Answer 11

Congenital malformation of the brain neural tube

Question 12

__ is a cranial defect with herniation of meninges and brain tissue. Almost all infants born with this have an A-C malformation and many will develop hydrocephalus

Answer 12

Meningocephalocele

Question 13

__ is a cranial defect with herniation of meninges

Answer 13

Meningocele

Question 14

___ is a cranial defect with herniation of meninges, brain, and ventricles

Answer 14

Meningohydroencephalocele

Question 15

__ is a congenital absence of the forebrain usually with cranial defect of frontal and parietal bones. This fatal anomaly is d/t failure of the neural tube to close

Answer 15

Cranial rachischisis

Question 16

Cranial rachischisis is due to:

Answer 16

Failure of neural tube to close

Question 17

The spinal cord extends throughout the entire length of the vertebral column when the fetus is __ months

Answer 17

3