Tuesday, 4-26-Voluntary Motor Control (Karius)

Question 1

Which areas of the cortex are associated with voluntary motion?

Answer 1

Primary motor cx
Supplementary motor cx
Pre-motor cx

Parts of pre-frontal cx and parietal cx contribute to voluntary motion as well

Question 2

This pathway leaves the occipital cortex and goes to the parietal/frontal cortex that enables us to complete motor acts based on visual input, i.e., play catch your friends:

Answer 2

Dorsal

Question 3

In order to reach for an object, the visual cortex must relay information to the parietal cortex (V6A), the PEc, the MIP, and the VIP. The end result is:

Answer 3

VIP creates a rough map of the space around you

Question 4

In order to reach for an object, the visual cortex relays information to VIP which helps create a rough map of the space around you. It is then sent to __ within the pre-motor cx and this creates a detailed map of the space around you.

Answer 4

F4

Question 5

In order to reach for something, the __ receives visual information about where your arm is in space and its input is sent to F2 in the premotor cortex

Answer 5

Superior parietal cortex

Question 6

What is the role of F2 in reaching your arm out for something?

Answer 6

F2 constructs a related map-but it is where your arm is in relationship to your body and the things around you

Question 7

In order to grasp an object, areas of the inferior parietal cortex relay information to ___ which codes the GOAL of the action

Answer 7

F5

Question 8

__ receives sensory information required to move (particularly F4 and F5-the ventral parts). The dorsal applies the ‘rules’ that determine whether it is appropriate to move and identifies the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce

Answer 8

Premotor cx

Question 9

What are the 2 divisions of the supplementary motor cx and what do they do?

Answer 9

Supplementary motor area–> postural control

Pre-supplementary area–> plans the motor program required to make the action occur

Question 10

___ organizes motor sequences and has executive control (particularly the decision to switch actions/strategies)

Answer 10

Supplementary motor cx

Question 11

__ is in the precentral gyrus, controls specific movements, is arranged in columns, and regions of the body that do fine motions have proportionately high representation here

Answer 11

Primary motor cx

Question 12

This layer of the primary motor cx receives sensory input (muscle and join proprioceptors, among others)

Answer 12

Layer 4

Question 13

This layer of the primary motor cx becomes the output for the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway

Answer 13

Layer 5

Question 14

What do neighboring columns of the primary motor cx control?

Answer 14

Related motions, but not neighboring muscles

Question 15

___ determines whether it is “okay” to move and identifies the goal and the motion required to meet that goal

Answer 15

Premotor cx

Question 16

__ controls posture, identifies the specific motor sequence required, and changes tactics if necessary

Answer 16

Supplementary motor cx

Question 17

__ codes the individual motions required to reach the goal

Answer 17

Primary motor cx

Question 18

What are roles of the cerebellum?

Answer 18

Sequence complex actions
Correct force/direction
Balance and eye movements
Learning of complex actions

Question 19

Outputs from the cerebellum are via the __

Answer 19

Deep cerebellar nuclei–> dentate, fastigial, globose, and emboliformis nuclei

Question 20

What are the outputs from the spinocerebellum that involved in postural control?

Answer 20

Interpositus n.
Fastigial n.
To RUBROSPINAL tract

Question 21

What are the outputs from the spinocerebellum involved in control of ballistic motions?

Answer 21

Interpositis nucleus

To RUBROSPINAL tract

Question 22

What are the outputs of the cerebrocerebellum that are involved in sequencing of rapid movement?

Answer 22

Dentate

Back to CORTEX

Question 23

This part of the cerebellum is involved in controlling eye movement and balance, particularly in the future

Answer 23

Vestibulocerebellum