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Geography > Weathering > Flashcards

Weathering Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different types of weathering

A

Physical, chemical and biological

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2
Q

What is weathering

A

Weathering is a process whereby rocks and minerals near or at the surface of the earth are broken down into smaller pieces

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3
Q

What is physical weathering

A

Physical weathering is when rocks are broken down into smaller fragments without any chemical changes

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4
Q

What are the two main types of physical weathering

A

Freeze-thaw and exfoliation

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5
Q

How does freeze law take place

A
  1. Water collects in cracks in rock.
  2. water freezes and expands
  3. Ice increases in volume and puts pressure on the rocks, breaking them apart. Then the process repeats, this time the water seeping deeper into the rock
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6
Q

What are the weathering agents in freeze-thaw

A

Water and temperature

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7
Q

What sort of climate does freeze-thaw tend to happen in

A

Wet and cold climates

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8
Q

How does exfoliation take place

A
  1. Rock surface heats up and expands
  2. Rock surface cools and contracts
  3. Joints form in the outer part of the rock
  4. Small grains of rock break off (granular disintegration)
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9
Q

What are the weathering agents in exfoliation

A

Temperature

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10
Q

What are the types of chemical weathering

A

Carbonation, hydrolysis and oxidation

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11
Q

What is carbonation

A

Rainwater is slightly acidic from carbon dioxide that has dissolved from the air into the rainwater. When it rains minerals in the rock react to the rainwater and it moves through them. This weakens the bond between particles causing weathering

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12
Q

What rocks are easily weathered by carbonation and which are not

A

Limestone and chalk easily weathered granite is not easily weathered

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13
Q

What is the carbonation formula

A

H2O (water) + CO2 (calcium carbonate) = H2CO3 (Carbonic acid)

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14
Q

What are the weathering agents of carbonation

A

Water and carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What is oxidation

A

This is a type of weathering when iron in rocks react to the oxygen in rain water to produce iron oxide (rust). The oxidized iron in the rock becomes red in color

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16
Q

What are the weathering agents in oxidation

A

Oxygen and water

17
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

It is when rock sits in water for extended periods of time. They start to break down and create a clay like texture.

18
Q

What are the weathering agents in hydrolysis

A

Water

19
Q

What is biological weathering

A

When animals and plants wear away rock.

20
Q

Examples of biological weathering

A

Plants and tree roots grow into small cracks in road, pavements and rocks. Growing roots expand cracks and can split rocks. Animals burrow into cracks breaking rocks down further

21
Q

What are the different impacts of humans on weathering

A

Construction, explosives, pollution, biological weathering by walking on paths often, removing of vegetation, burning down of vegetation by farmers, mining, burning fossil fuels causing acid rain

22
Q

What is the difference between weathering erosion and deposition

A

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil and minerals. The types of weathering are physical, chemical and biological. Small particles of rock, soil

Erosion is the movement of soil, mud, rock and other particles usually by wind, water or ice. The types of erosion are water, wind, ice or gravity. Landforms are created by the removal of rock and soil particles

Deposition is the laying down of eroded materials, usually by water, wind and ice. The types of deposition are water wind and ice. Land forms are built up by deposited material

23
Q

What is erosion

A

The movement of soil,mud,rock and other particles usually by wind water or ice

24
Q

What is deposition

A

The laying down of eroded material usually by wind water or ice

25
Q

What are the types of erosion

A

Water, wind, ice, gravity

26
Q

What are the types of deposition

A

Water, wind, ice

27
Q

What are the results of weathering

A

Small particles of rock, soil

28
Q

What Is the result of erosion

A

Landforms are created by the removal or rock and soil particles

29
Q

What is the result of deposition

A

Landforms are built up by deposited materials

30
Q

Where does carbonation usually occur

A

Where there is a lot of pollution and rainfall

31
Q

Where does oxidation occur

A

Where there is exposed iron and rain

32
Q

Where does biological weathering usually occur

A

Where there are humans, animals and plants that break down rocks

Geography (11 decks)

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