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geography > weather hazards > Flashcards

weather hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

what cells are next to the equator

A

Hadley cells

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2
Q

which cells are between 30 and 60

A

ferrel cells

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3
Q

which cells are at 90

A

polar cells

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4
Q

what is a high pressure weather system

A

-when air sinks
-dry and clear skies

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5
Q

what is a low pressure weather system

A

-when air rises
- clouds and rain

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6
Q

why do surface winds bend

A

the Coriolis effect

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7
Q

which way do surface winds bend in each hemisphere

A

right in the northern hemisphere and left in southern hemisphere

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8
Q

how are tropical storms distributed

A

along the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

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9
Q

how do tropical storms form

A

-air is heated above the surface of warm tropical oceans
-warm air rises rapidly under low pressure conditions
-strong winds form as rising air draws up more air and moisture
-the rising air spins around a calm eye due to Coriolis effect
-rising air cools and condenses forming cumulonimbus clouds and rain
-heat is given off, powering the storm
-storm travels across the ocean with the prevailing winds
-when it meets land it looses its energy source

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10
Q

conditions that cause tropical storms

A

-ocean temp 27 degrees or higher
-low latitudes

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11
Q

which direction do storms spin

A

anticlockwise in northern hemisphere and clockwise in southern

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12
Q

how does climate change affect distribution of tropical storms

A

no. of storms in south America and subtropics could increase due to an increase in sea temp

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13
Q

how does climate change affect frequency of tropical storms

A

category 4 and 5 will increase, 1-3 will decrease

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14
Q

how does climate change affect the intensity of tropical storms

A

every 1 degree increase in sea temp, 3-5% increase in wind speeds, intensity is increasing

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15
Q

what was typhoon Haiyan

A

typhoon in the Philippines in 2013, category 5

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16
Q

primary effects of typhoon Haiyan

A

-4.1 million homeless
-$12 billion damages
-6,190 died
-1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed

17
Q

secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan

A

-infections and disease spread
-rice prices rose by 12%
-flooding caused landslides
-ten hectares of mangroves contaminated by oil leak

18
Q

immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan

A

-televised evacuation warning
-1,200 evacuation centres set up
-1 million food packs, 250,000 lites of water

19
Q

long-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan

A

-$1.5 billion pledged in foreign aid
-no-build zone, avoids homes being built in flood risk areas
-storm surge warning system installed
-cyclone shelters built

20
Q

how can the effects of tropical storms be reduced by monitoring

A

-satellites monitor cloud patterns associated with tropical storms
-global precipitation measurement satellite monitors rainclouds, indicates whether a tropical storm will intensify within 24 hours

21
Q

how can the effects of tropical storms be reduced by predication

A

-computers give 5 days warning and predict a location within 400 km
-early warnings are issued by national hurricane centres around the world

22
Q

how can the effects of tropical storms be reduced by protection

A

-reinforce buildings , mitigating damage
-develop coastal flood defences
-create no-build zones in low-lying areas

23
Q

how can the effects of tropical storms be reduced by planning

A

-disaster supply kits
-ensure vehicles are fuelled
-know where evacuation shelters are

24
Q

flooding in the UK

A

-caused by heavy rainfall or storm waves
-ruins crops
-damage to homes
-drowning
-recovery is expensive
-landslides

25
Q

droughts and heatwaves in the UK

A

-15 or more consecutive days with less than 0.2 mm of rain in one day
-crop production fails
-reservoirs run low
-hosepipe ban enforced

26
Q

storm events in the UK

A

-depressions (low-pressure weather systems) bring heavy rain and strong winds
-flood and wind damage to property
-trees uprooted
-power supplies down

27
Q

extreme cold weather in the UK

A

-crops fail
-cattle may not survive
-roads and railways shut
-increased injuries (snow and ice)

28
Q

causes of Storm Jude

A

-depression forming along the polar front
-moved east, helped by strong jet-stream

28
Q

when was storm Jude

A

-October 2013

29
Q

social effects of storm jude

A

-4 deaths
-transport chaos
-power cuts to 850,000 homes
-blocked roads

30
Q

environmental effects of storm Jude

A

-10 million trees knocked down
-147 flood alerts issued

31
Q

economic effects of storm Jude

A

-£500 million damages
-5 train companies cancelled trains
-130 Heathrow flights cancelled

32
Q

immediate responses to storm Jude

A

-warnings broadcast
-emergency services effective

33
Q

long term responses to storm jude

A

-power restored to majority of homes within a week
-met office improve models for more accurate and longer forecasts

34
Q

evidence the uk weather is become more extreme - temperature

A

-December 2010, coldest on record
-highest temp, 2003

geography (11 decks)

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