urban issues London and Lagos Flashcards

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1
Q

what is urbanisation

A

growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

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2
Q

urbanisation in HICs

A

have already experienced urbanisation, rate is low

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3
Q

what % of people in HICs live in urban areas

A

80%

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4
Q

urbanisation in LICs

A

high rates of urbanisation, less economically developed

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5
Q

what % of people in LICs live in urban areas

A

30%

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6
Q

urbanisation in NEEs

A

around 2%

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7
Q

what % of people in NEEs live in urban areas

A

50%

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8
Q

what is a push factor

A

things that encourage someone to leave an area

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9
Q

what is a pull factor

A

things that encourage people to move to an area

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10
Q

push factor examples - 3

A

natural disasters
mechanised agriculture requires less jobs
desertification makes land unproductive

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11
Q

pull factor examples - 4

A

more jobs, better paid
healthcare and education
family
better quality of life

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12
Q

natural increase

A

when birth rate exceeds the death rate

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13
Q

what qualifies a city as a megacity

A

more than 10 million residents

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14
Q

how many megacities are there

A

as of 2018, 33

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15
Q

where is Lagos

A

nigeria

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16
Q

lagos population

A

14 million

17
Q

Lagos annual growth rate

A

3.2%

18
Q

lagos importance regionally

A

centre for regional trade

19
Q

Lagos importance nationally

A

80% of Nigerias industry

20
Q

lagos importance internationally

A

main financial centre for west Africa
international port and airport important for global trade

21
Q

lagos natural increase

A

birth rate = 35.2 / 1000 people
death rate = 9.6 / 1000 people

22
Q

lagos migration

A

1200 immigrants enter lagos every day
rural-urban migration due to ethnic and religious conflicts and poverty

23
Q

social opportunities In lagos - 4

A

healthcare
90% of children attend primary school
uses 40% of the countries electricity supply
safe water

24
Q

economic opportunities in lagos - 3

A

construction jobs from rapid growth
2 major ports and growing fish industry
thriving film and music industry

25
Q

what problems come from rapid growth In lagos

A

slums
clean water, sanitation and energy
health and education
unemployment and crime
environmental issues

26
Q

challenge of slums

A

increasing house prices cause 66% of population to live in illegal settlements

27
Q

challenge of water, sanitation and energy

A

people pay large amounts to get water from informal sellers
waste goes to local water sources
neighbourhoods take it in turn for electricity

28
Q

challenge of health and education

A

lacking facilities and costs

29
Q

challenge of unemployment and crime

A

not enough jobs for population, leads to scavenging
60% work in informal and insecure jobs
high levels of crime

30
Q

challenge of environmental issues

A

produces over 9000 tonnes per day
emissions from factories are not controlled
traffic congestion, 2-hour commutes and lack of public transport

31
Q

social benefits of urban planning

A

100 students educated for free

32
Q

economic benefits of urban planning

A

improved local children’s job prospects
provided jobs locally

33
Q

what was the urban planning scheme

A

makoko floating school

34
Q

environmental benefits of urban planning

A

built using locally sourced materials
ran on solar power
buoyancy protected from floods

35
Q

Londons international importance

A

one of the most important financial centres
headquarters of international companies attract workers from around the world

36
Q

Londons national importance

A