Weather And Climate

Question 1

What is weather?

Answer 1

Weather refers to the condition or state of the atmosphere of a place, such as a city, over a short period of time, usually 24 hours or one day. It is never static, but ever-changing and, thus, cannot be generalized.

Question 2

What is climate?

Answer 2

Climate is the average of the atmospheric conditions of a large area, such as a country, over a long period of time, usually 35 years.

Question 3

What are the elements that determine weather?

Answer 3

The elements that determine weather are/temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind direction and speed, cloud cover, and sunshine.

Question 4

What is temperature?

Answer 4

Temperature refers to the degree of hots or coldness of the air. It is measured usung a thermometer

Question 5

What is altitude?

Answer 5

Altitude is the height of land above sea level and it is one of the factors that affect temperature.
Temperature decreases with an increase
In altitude

Question 6

What are ocean currents?

Answer 6

A stream of water in an ocean constantly flowing in a single direction is called an ocean current

Question 7

What are warm ocean currents?

Answer 7

Warm currents move from lower latitudes towards higher latitudes and generally make the coastal areas in higher latitudes warmer than usual.

Question 8

What are cold ocean currents?

Answer 8

Cold currents move from higher latitudes to lower latitudes and lower the temperatures of places along the coasts in lower latitudes.

Question 9

What is wind

Answer 9

Wind is air in motion

Question 10

What is loo

Answer 10

Loo is a hot dry wind which originates in the desert in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent.

Question 11

What is affected by the presence of clouds?

Answer 11

The amount of solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface and the amount of terrestrial radiation leaving the earth’s surface are affected by the presence of clouds.

Question 12

What is insolation

Answer 12

Incoming solar radiation

Question 13

What is dew

Answer 13

Tiny drops of water that forms when water-vapour condenses on the ground or cool surfaces, when the temperature is not below 0°C.

Question 14

What is frost?

Answer 14

When condensation takes place below 0°C tiny ervstals of ice form on plants, rocks and ground.

Question 15

(GR) temperature decreases with increasing latitude.

Answer 15

•Owing to the spherical shape of the earth, the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth is not the same everywhere on the surface of the earth
• In the tropics, the sun’s rays are almost vertical throughout the year and are, therefore, stronger. As one moves away from the equator, the sun’s rays become increasingly slanted and are therefore weaker. So, temperature decreases with increasing latitude.

Question 16

(GR) places near the sea have mild climate

Answer 16

•
Places near the sea have a mild climate.
When the land is hot, the comparatively cool air from the sea cools it.
When the land gets cold, the comparatively warm air from the sea makes it warm.
•Thus, the sea has a moderating influence on temperature, and the places near the sea have a mild climate

Question 17

Why is a steep slope unsauitable for human habitation?

Answer 17

A steep slope usually cannot support soil and vegetation and is unsuitable for human habitation. So it is usually bare and experiences a more rapid change in temperature than a gentle slope.

Question 18

Define aspect

Answer 18

Aspect refers to the direction of a slope with respect to the sun’s rays.

Question 19

What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 19

(Atmospheric pressure is the pressure that the atmosphere exerts on the surface of the earth because of its weight,

Question 20

The pressure exerted by air is measured using an instrument called ______________

Answer 20

Barometer

Question 21

What us humidity?

Answer 21

Humidity refers to the amount of moisture or water vapour present in the air.

Question 22

What is absolute humidity

Answer 22

The actual amount of moisture present is called absolute humidity (AH), which is expressed in grams per cubic metre of air

Question 23

What is relative humidity

Answer 23

-
The actual amt. of vapour present in the air to at any temp and the a max amt. of vapour the air can old at that paticular temp.

Question 24

When the air can hold no more moisture we say the air is _____________

Answer 24

Saturated

Question 25

What is condensation?

Answer 25

Condensation is the process by which water wapour in the air gets converted into tiny Doplets of water or ice. It is the opposite of evaporation

Question 26

What is evaporation

Answer 26

1. It is a process by which water changes into water vapour.

Question 27

Name the different forms of condensation.

Answer 27

Clouds mis fog dee and frost

Question 28

What is precipitation?

Answer 28

When tiny droplets of water in the atmosphere join to form bigger droplets that are too heavy to remain suspended in the air, they fall to the earth’s surface. •This release of atmospheric moisture onto the earth’s surface is called precipitation.

Question 29

What us convectional rainfall?

Answer 29

•In regions closer to the equator, the rate of evaporation is very high.
•air gets heated because of the high temperature later and starts rising in the form of convection tiny currents.
•As it rises, it expands and cools. The
cooling causes condensation, which results heavy downpours.
•This rain is accompanied by thunder and lightning and since it mostly occurs around 4 p.m., it is often called the ‘4 o’clock showers’

Question 30

What is relief or orographical rainfall? I

Answer 30

Sometimes moisture-bearing winds are forced to rise of the presence of a physical barrier, such as a mountain, in their path.
•Such winds expand and cool as they rise up the slope of the mountain or plateau, and on further cooling form clouds. When saturated, these clouds give rain.This rain is called relief rain

Question 31

Why is relief rain called relief rain?

Answer 31

This rain is called relief rair because it is caused by the relief feature coming in the way of the wind, i.e., the mountain or plateau.

Question 32

Which side of the relief feature that faces the moisture bearing winds?

Answer 32

The windward side

Question 33

______________ side receives most rainfall

Answer 33

Windward side

Question 34

The leeward side is also called the ___________

Answer 34

Rain shadow region

Question 35

What is cyclonic ir frontal rainfall?

Answer 35

.
•This type of
rainfall occurs when warm and cold air masses meet and form a front.
•As cold air is denser, it remains close to the ground, while the warm air rises above it.
•As the warm air rises, it expands and cools, and the moisture in it condenses to form clouds. These clouds bring rainfall.

Question 36

Cyclonic rainfall mosly occures in _____________ and ___________ regions.

Answer 36

Temperate and tropical

Question 37

What are planetery winds?

Answer 37

(Planetary winds are also called permanent or Prevailing winds as they blow the year round in the same areas.

Question 38

What are periodic winds

Answer 38

•These winds blow in a definite direction during sh a particular period only - either during the day/ night or during the summer/ winter season.
•Land and sea breezes, and the monsoons are examples of periodic winds.

Question 39

What are variable winds?

Answer 39

•These winds affect only small areas and last for only a few days. They vary in time, speed, and area and are, therefore, rightly called ‘variable winds’.
•Cyclones and anticyclones are the best examples of variable winds.

Question 40

What are local winds ?

Answer 40

These winds blow for a short period of time over a very small area. Some local winds likeLoo, Simoom, Chinook, and Foehn are warm winds. Others, such as the Bora, Mistral, Buran, and Pampero are cold winds. BMBP

Question 41

How does cloud cover help in trapping heat near the surface of the earth

Answer 41

Cloud cover plays an important role in the weather at a place.
It not only reduces the amount of insolation but also reduces the amount of radiation from the surface of the earth escaping into space.
Thus, cloud cover helps in trapping heat near the surface of the earth)