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Flight > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Temperature for sea level.

A

59 degrees F/ 15 degrees C.

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2
Q

Standard pressure at sea level.

A

29.92 inches of mercury/ 1013.2 millibars.

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3
Q

Variations in altimeter settings

A

caused by unequal heating of the Earth’s surface.

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4
Q

Differences in direction between winds aloft and on the ground

A

caused by friction between the wind and the surface.

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5
Q

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a

A

heat exchange.

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6
Q

The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as a

A

front.

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7
Q

One of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is

A

a change in temperature.

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8
Q

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the

A

wind direction.

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9
Q

Clouds are divided into four families according to

A

height and range.

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10
Q

Nimbus

A

Rain cloud.

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11
Q

The colder the air is the less

A

vapor a cloud can hold.

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12
Q

Moisture is added to air by

A

evaporation (water to vapor) and sublimation (frost to vapor)

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13
Q

Dewpoint

A

Temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

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14
Q

The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the

A

air temperature.

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15
Q

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when

A

water vapor condenses.

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16
Q

What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature is 70 degrees F and the dewpoint is 48 degrees F

A

70-48= 22
22/4.4=5
5x1000= 5000 FT AGL

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17
Q

If the temperature/dewpoint spread is small and decreasing, and the temperature is 62 degrees F, what type of weather is most likely to develop?

A

Fog or low clouds.

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18
Q 
Airport elevation: 500 MSL
Temp: 23 degrees C
Dewpoint: 15 degrees C
lapse rate: 2 degrees C
Find the approximate base of the cumulus clouds.
A

4500 feet MSL

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19
Q

What clouds will you find in stable air?

A
  • Stratiform clouds. (Flat type clouds)
  • Steady precipitation
  • Smooth air
  • Poor surface visibility
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20
Q

Warming from below would decrease

A

the stability of an air mass.

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21
Q

Development of thermals depend upon

A

solar heating.

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22
Q

Unstable air

A
  • Turbulence

- Good surface visibility

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23
Q

Moist, unstable airmass forms what type of clouds?

A

Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

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24
Q

Towering cumulus clouds indicate

A

convective turbulence.

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25
Q

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?

A

Actual lapse rate.

26
Q

When warm, moist, stable air flows upslope, it

A

produces stratus type clouds.

27
Q

If an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type of clouds can be expected?

A

Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence.

28
Q

Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of

A

stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

29
Q

Structural icing can only occur when in

A

visible moisture.

30
Q

Highest accumulation rate of structural ice is in

A

freezing rain.

31
Q

Ice pellets at the surface means

A

freezing rain at a higher altitude.

32
Q

Frost forms when

A

temperature of collecting surface is at or below dewpoint of the air and the dewpoint has to be below freezing.

33
Q

Temperature inversion occurs

A

when the air above is warmer than the air below.

34
Q

Inversion layer with high relative humidity

A
  • Smooth air

- Poor visibility, and fog, haze, or low clouds.

35
Q

Wind shear zone in an inversion

A

windspeed is at 2000-4000 FT AGL and is at least 25 knots.

36
Q

Radiation fog (ground fog) forms

A

in warm moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

37
Q

Advection fog forms

A

when an air mass moves inland from the coast in winter.

38
Q

Upslope fog

A

air cooling as it is forced to rise up a slope.

39
Q

Two types of fog that depend on wind

A
  • Advection fog

- Upslope fog

40
Q

Steam fog

A

Low level turbulence/icing

41
Q

Cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) clouds cause

A

greatest turbulence.

42
Q

Thunderstorms must have

A

lightning.

43
Q

Most dangerous type of thunderstorm

A

squall line.

44
Q

Squall line

A

Non-frontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms.

45
Q

To form cumulonimbus clouds you need

A

Lifting force, unstable air, and moist air.

46
Q

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?

A

High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

47
Q

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts?

A

Dissipating.

48
Q

The destination airport has one runway, “08-26” and the wind is calm. The normal approach in calm wind is a left hand pattern to runway 08. There is no other traffic at the airport. A thunderstorm about 6 miles west is beginning its mature stage, and rain is starting to reach the ground. the pilot decides to

A

fly an approach to runway 26 since any unexpected wind due to the storm will be westerly.

49
Q

Inflight aviation weather advisories

A

AIRMETs SIGMETs and CONVECTIVE SIGMETs

50
Q

AIRMETs

A

Warnings of weather conditions hazardous to small single-engine aircraft
Intended for all pilots.

51
Q

SIGMETs

A

Warnings of weather conditions hazardous to all aircraft.

52
Q

To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, the pilot should refer to the

A

Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories.

53
Q

What is indicated when a current Convective SIGMENT forecasts thunderstorms?

A

Thunderstorms obscured by massive cloud layers.

54
Q

What information is contained in a Convective SIGMET?

A

Tornadoes, embedded thunderstorms, and hail 3/4 inch or greater in diameter.

55
Q

Which in-flight advisory would contain information on severe icing not associated with thunderstorms?

A

SIGMET.

56
Q

Wind shear can occur

A

at any altitude and all directions.

57
Q

Where can wind shear be found

A

Low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence.

58
Q

Standing lenticular cloud

A

Stationary, almond or lens-shaped cloud that indicates the crest of a standing wave.
Winds of 40 knots or more.

59
Q

When may hazardous wind shear be expected?

A

In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence.

60
Q

For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth’s surface of the

A

lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.

61
Q

TAF

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast

62
Q

GFA Graphical Forecasts for Aviation are weather charts best used to

A

learn the forecast weather along your proposed route of flight as well as at your destination if it has no terminal forecast.

Flight (10 decks)

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