Weather Flashcards
In what forms are weather reports available?
1 ) on specific VOLMET frequencies
2) On **ground stations that offer FIS **
From ATSU
**Info can be obtained/requested when airborine
usually on approach frequeny
ATSU example
AC
Walden Approach, G-EGIK, Request your weather.
ATSU
G-IK Walden Approach, Present weather, Wind 360 degrees 5
knots, Visibility 20 kms, Cloud 2 oktas 2500 feet, QNH 1008.
AC
QNH 1008, G-IK.
Notes:
1) Pilot only needs to repeat QNH
2) Active runway can be included if pilot is intending to join the circuit. Runway should be repeated/read back by the pilot
ATIS
Medium to large aerodromes have devoted frequency for ATIS (found in AIP or flight guides).
transmission ongoing during aerodrome operating hours
may have a separate arrival and departure frequencies or one frequency for both.
Transmission can be via discrete**VHF comms frequency **
OR
to free up VHF frequency, a VHF Omni-directional Range VOR beacon would be used
Each ATIS broadcast u**ses alphabetical code **and is updated by sequence.
*Pilot must repeat the letter code
ATIS components
- Aerodrome name.
- ATIS sequence designator or information code.
- Time of observation.
- Runway in use and status.
- Surface wind in knots.
- Visibility and Runway Visual Range.
- Present weather.
- Significant cloud.
- Temperature and dew point.
- Altimeter.
- Any warnings pertinent to flight operations
VOLMET
**Ground - to - air
VHF and HF transmission
works if Aircraft is 300 NM from destination**
weather info in plain languages
covers multiple aerodromes
published time
Frequency is found in AIP
INCLUDES: METARS, TAFS,SIGMETS
can be time consuming because you have to wait for a number of different aerodromes sequantially
example VOLMET
AMSTERDAM AT 1125.
WIND 160 DEGREES 16 KNOTS.
VARIABLE BETWEEN 130 AND 190 DEGREES.
VISIBILITY 7 KILOMETRES.
LIGHT RAIN SHOWERS.
CLOUD FEW 2 THOUSAND FEET.
FEW CUMULONIMBUS 2 THOUSAND 5
HUNDRED FEET.
BROKEN 4 THOUSAND FEET.
TEMPERATURE 14. DEWPOINT 9
QNH 1004
BECOMING
VISIBILITY 10 KILOMETRES OR MORE.
NIL SIGNIFICANT WEATHER.
what is ACARS
Works if Aircraft is 500NM from destination
**Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
**
it’s a digital datalink system for transmission of short, relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite.
ex: weather report (D-ATIS/Datalink ATIS)
What is TAF
TAF stands for Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
It forecasts the expected meteorological conditions for the surrounding area of the issuing airport up to five statute miles.
A TAF report is a forecast valid for approximately 24 hours. The TAF reports are usually updated four times daily.
METAR
hourly aerodrome surface weather observations.
Meteorological Aerodrome Report.
The METAR reports are issued frequently, and since they **deal with current weather conditions, they are weather observations, not forecasts. **
updated 30min
SPECI - METAR
Special Aerodrome Meotrological report
They are spcial METARs issued whe the weather conditions change significantly between the regular times and when METARs are due to be issued
SIGMET
Significant Meteorological Information, is a severe weather advisory
What is D-ATIS
Data link Automatic Terminal Information Service
Data on cloud:
What does BKN040 mean
it’s a vertical reference of where the broken clouds are from the aerodrome
Broken clouds
040ft from aerodrome elevation
which runway surface condition for which braking action woudl be unreliable
Wet snow and slush.
note:
Grass (not enough info)
dry snow (doesn’t cause issues with breaking)
Ice (need to know if soft/hard?)
