WCAG Overview & 1. Perceivable Flashcards
- Perceivable
- Operable
- Understandable
- Robust
What to each of these mean?
- Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.
- User interface components and navigation must be operable for all.
- Both the Information contained on the page and the operation of the user interface must be understandable.
- Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.
What’s the hierarchy of WCAG look like?
Principle > Guideline > Success Criterion > Sufficient Techniques
Perceivable
1.1 Text Alternatives
1.1.1 Non-Text Content (pictures, charts, applets, audio files, video)
Level A
Intent- to make information conveyed by non-text content accessible through the use of a text alternative.
Success Criterion 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A): All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for the situations listed below:
Controls and Input — these have names to describe purpose.
Time-Based Media, Tests, Sensory ( is not purely decorative and does not primarily convey important information or perform a function) – text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content.
CAPTCHA –text alternatives that identify and describe the purpose of the non-text content are provided, and alternative forms of CAPTCHA using output modes for different types of sensory perception are provided to accommodate different disabilities. At least two modes.
Decorative, Formatting, Invisible – implemented in a way that it can be ignored by assistive technology.
Perceivable
- 1 Text Alternatives
- 1.1 Non-Text Content
Failures
using CSS to include images that convey important information
having a text alternative that does not include information that is conveyed by color differences in the image
not updating text alternatives when changes to non-text content occur
using text alternatives that are not alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text)
not marking up decorative images in HTML in a way that allows assistive technology to ignore them
providing a text alternative that is not null (e.g., alt=”spacer” or alt=”image”) for images that should be ignored by assistive technology
omitting the alt attribute or text alternative on img elements, area elements, and input elements of type “image”
providing long descriptions for non-text content that does not serve the same purpose or does not present the same information
using text look-alikes or ASCII-art to represent text without providing a text alternative
What are some “text alternative”s?
Short labels the describe content and/or the purpose of the content (if interactive)
longer descriptions of chart contents and summary of data
text transcript of audio
short description of animation and reference the longer explanation coming up
longer, detailed descriptions of images to convey why it is included (the two leaders shaking hands)
Additional descriptions to give context (may be linked to)
Text that replaces sounds like Right or Wrong answers
1.1.1 Non-Text
Note on Captcha – Name the three things you can do for Captcha accessibility
- Providing more than two modalities of CAPTCHAs
- Providing access to a human customer service representative who can bypass CAPTCHA
- Not requiring CAPTCHAs for authorized users
Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource
Where there is both an image and text, the image should have an empty alt unless it is explicitly referred to elsewhere (such as an instruction that says to click on the trash can icon). Then, the alt should contain the exact reference, alt=”trash can icon”
Perceivable
- 2 Time-Based Media
- 2.1 Audio-only/Video-only Prerecorded
INTENT: make information conveyed by prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only content available to all users
For both- creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the prerecorded audio-only content
the document serves as a long description for the content and includes all of the important information as well as descriptions of scenery, actions, expressions, dialog, background sounds, etc. that are part of the presentation.
Failures:
using text alternatives that are not alternatives (e.g., filenames or placeholder text)
providing long descriptions for non-text content that does not serve the same purpose or does not present the same information
Perceivable
- 2 Time-Based Media
- 2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)
Intent: enable people who are deaf or hard of hearing to watch synchronized media presentations
Captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.
Provide open or closed captions
Failures:
captions omitting some dialogue or important sound effects
providing synchronized media without captions when the synchronized media presents more information than is presented on the page
not labeling a synchronized media alternative to text as an alternative
- Perceivable
- 2 Time-Based Media
- 2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
Intent: to provide people who are blind or visually impaired access to the visual information in a synchronized media presentation.
An alternative for time-based media or audio description of the prerecorded video content is provided for synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.
How- provide audio description of the video content OR providing all of the information in the synchronized media (both visual and auditory) in text form.
FAILURES: none
- Perceivable
1.2 Time-Based Media
1.2.4 Captions Live
Level AA
INTENT: enable people who are deaf or hard of hearing to watch real-time presentations.
Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media.
Either open or closed
Failures: none
- Perceivable
1.2 Time-Based Media
1.2.5 Audio Description Prerecorded
Level AA
Intent provide people who are blind or visually impaired access to the visual information in a synchronized media presentation.
Audio description (an audio track) is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media. The audio description augments the audio portion of the presentation with the information needed when the video portion is not available. During existing pauses in dialogue, audio description provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, and on-screen text that are important and are not described or spoken in the main sound track. FAILURES: none
- Perceivable
- 2 Time-Based Media
- 2.6 Sign Language
Level AAA
INTENT: to enable people who are deaf or hard of hearing and who are fluent in a sign language to understand the content of the audio track of synchronized media presentations.
Sign language interpretation is provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media.
Failures:none
- Perceivable
- 2 Time-Based Media
- 2.7 Extend Audio Description Prerecorded
Level AAA
Intent: provide people who are blind or visually impaired access to a synchronized media presentation beyond that which can be provided by standard audio description.
Where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow audio descriptions to convey the sense of the video, extended audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.
How- Using the track element to provide audio descriptions
Failures: none
- Perceivable
1.2 Time-Based Media
1.2.8 Media Alternative
Level AAA
INTENT: to make audio visual material available to individuals whose vision is too poor to reliably read captions and whose hearing is too poor to reliably hear dialogue and audio description.
An alternative for time-based media is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media and for all prerecorded video-only media.
This approach involves providing all of the information in the synchronized media (both visual and auditory) in text form. It reads something like a book.
Failures: none