1.7 Create Accessible Sites per Various AT Strategies Flashcards
What are the two vision disabilities?
Blindness
Low Vision
What two ways does a SR deliver web content to the blind user?
Speech
Braile
How does a screen reader organize the contents of the web page to help the blind user have quick access? How can developers help this occur?
It makes lists of common elements such as landmarks, headings, links, form controls, etc. that are presented to the users in tabbable format.
The underlying HTML or aria-roles helps in this.
What is one technique for providing instructions to user who only tab through sites?
Provide aria-describedby that pick up text missed in non tabbable elements
What is the main thing to consider with a blind person using a touch screen?
They cannot see the elements’ location on the screen.
How does a screen reader help a blind person using a touch screen?
The SR overrides
the visual method for interacting and replaces it with a gesture-based system.
Screen reader gestures for touch screens include what basic gestures?
Swipe right - go forward
Swipe left - go backward
Single Tap- announce active element
Double Tap - activate current button or link
The specific gestures vary from one brand of a screen reader to the next.
What is the most common SR used on desktops/laptops?
JAWS, followed by NVDA, then VO
Which browser is most often used by SR users on desktop/laptop?
Chrome,
then Microsoft Edge
then Firefox
then Safari
What is the most widely used mobile SR?
VoiceOver
then TalkBack
Most popular desktop/laptop SR/Browser combos?
JAWS/Chrome NVDA/Chrome JAWS/Edge NVDA/Firefox JAWS/Firefos VO/Safari
What percentage of SR users are on a Windows machine?
91%
What percent of SR users use mobile devices?
90%
What the market share split between AT users between Android and Apple devices?
9 to 3.25
Basically, two third more people use Apple mobile devices than Android ones
What is the SR users’ favorite way to find information?
Using Headings! by far
Which document type to SR users find to be most accessible?
WORD
Does JAWS support touch gestures?
Yes, with Windows 8 or later
JAWS touch, a two-finger rotate alternates between what three modes?
Touch Navigation
Text Reading
Speech Settings
Does JAWS support using the Windows touch keyboard?
Yes
What are the default “JAWS Key”s?
Desktop = the INSERT key Laptop = the CAPS LOCK key
JAWS- what are does pressing certain letter keys do? (called Navigation Quick Keys)
MOVES YOU TO CERTAIN HTML ELEMENTS B for buttons T for tables, F for form controls, P for paragraph, V for visited links, H for headings, X for checkboxes and so on. Add SHIFT to any navigation quick key to move to the previous element of that type.
JAWS- How do you bring up the Virtual HTML Features dialog box?
INSERT + F3
JAWS- How do you bring up the list of certain kinds of elements on a page?
CTRL + INSERT + QUICK NAV LETTER
JAWS- how to go to top of page? how do you close a page? move through all the links? move between two open pages? move between all the headlines?
CTRL + F4 CTRL + HOME TAB (or U or V) CTRL + TAB H
JAWS and ARIA Regions- What is the Quick Key for regions? How do you navigate them?
R is for regions
INSERT + CTRL + R = list of regions
Use R and Shift + R to move between regions
JAWS- how many levels of verbosity does the Virtual Cursor provide?
Three: low, medium, high
JAWS and tables, how many views?
Two- Simple Layout and Screen Layout.
With Simple Layout, each cell of the table is displayed on a separate line in the virtual buffer. Screen Layout mode allows you to read tables by row, just as they are presented on the screen. With Screen Layout each row of the table is displayed on a separate line and each cell is separated by a vertical bar.
When does JAWS ignore images?
When they have no alt, title or long description AND are not links.
For images that are links, JAWS announces the file path
JAWS- CTRL + INSERT + DOWN ARROW does what?
Skim reads- reads the first line of every paragraph on the page
How many different screen readers should you perform tests with?
At least two.
What are the recommended OS/Browser/SR combos to test?
Windows- JAWS/Chrome, NVDA/Firefox, Narrator/Edge
MAC/iOS - VO/Safari
Android- TalkBack/Chrome
What are important things to test with a SR/keyboard?
Interactive elements get focus Visual focus exists Tags, labels, alt text exist/announced Widgets can be browsed Roles are announced State changes are announced
Other than SRs, what Strategies are used by Low Vision users?
Text Enlargement/Zoom in the browser
Changing colors in browser, OS, Or with access tools
Magnifying tools
What are commonly used Magnifiers?
ZoomText and SuperNova
Does ZoomText come with screen reader?
Yes, but it also interfaces with JAWS
Does SuperNova magnifier also do SR?
They have three versions and two of them also read.
Users with Reading disabilities use what Strategies?
Text readers, text-to-speech or nothing.
they may change text size, color, or fonts
They may use a custom style sheet
They will seek out visual presentation of the data such as charts, tables, images
They will seek audio presentation of data
What are some Strategies used by those with cognitive disabilities?
Text readers, text-to-speech ad blockers, screen masking, Audio presentation Visual presentation other than text
What should designers do to help those with cognitive disabilities?
Avoid Animated video Don't overuse graphics Simple language Use text, images and audio Clear headings, boundaries, regions Don't rely on memory Support adaptation and personalization Help users find what they need Help users avoid mistake
People with motoric disabilities use what Strategies?
Keyboards Mouse (with or without added features) Tremor filtering mousepad and pointer software Eye-tracking Point scanning Speech control
The Do’s of designing for motoric disabilities
Keyboard navigable
Visual indicator that shows focus
Large, clearly visible, and easy to spot clickable areas
Prediction and autofill to limit keystrokes needed
Don’t confuse the user
