2.4 Test for end-user impact

Question 1

Are all websites that technically pass accessibility guidelines useable?

Answer 1

No, Teresa, no, they are not.

Question 2

Are there good accessibility techniques that are not included in the guidelines?

Answer 2

Yes. Yes, Teresa there are.

Question 3

What are three reasons that some good accessibility techniques are not included in the WCAG guidelines?

Answer 3

1. It is difficult to objectively verify compliance with the technique
2. The writers of the guidelines did not recognize the need for the technique when
   writing the guidelines.
3. The technologies or circumstances that require
   the technique are newer than the guidelines.

Question 4

Give examples of sites that meet criteria but are still not usable for the disabled

Answer 4

Chat is present but at bottom of page

Too many images with alt attributes make the page hard to follow

Question 5

What thing do people with cognitive disabilities need that is NOT covered with the guidelines?

Answer 5

short paragraphs

Question 6

What makes guidelines become out of date?

Answer 6

Advances in technology. Being able to do new things with web sites, having new platforms and devices all require new guidelines.

Question 7

What is a benefit of testing with real users?

Answer 7

It identifies usability issues that are not discovered by conformance evaluation alone.

Question 8

Before you start testing with live users, what should you do first?

Answer 8

A complete initial review of the web site to uncover the basic accessibility issues

Question 9

What can an accessibility expert add to the Initial Review, before user testing starts?

Answer 9

evaluate accessibility issues for a broad range of users
help fix any known barriers before bringing in users
focus the evaluation with users on potential areas of concern

Question 10

What is the most important aspect of web accessibility?

Answer 10

The user experience.

Question 11

What are “adaptive strategies”?

Answer 11

Adaptive strategies are techniques that people with disabilities use to improve interaction with the web. For example, increasing the font size in a common browser. Adaptive strategies include techniques with mainstream browsers or with assistive technologies.

Question 12

What are “assistive technologies”?

Answer 12

Assistive technologies are software or equipment that people with disabilities use to improve interaction with the web. 
Screen Readers
Screen Magnifiers
Voice Recognition Software
Selection Switches

Question 13

True or False?
Conducting informal evaluations throughout development is more effective than only formal usability testing at the end of a project.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is an added benefit of testing with users with disabilities?

Answer 14

it reveals general usability problems that impact all users, including those without disabilities.

Question 15

What three things have to work together for web accessibility?

Answer 15

web browsers,
assistive technologies (AT), and
web content.

Question 16

What ensures that accessibility is provided to users with a range of disabilities and situations.

Answer 16

Combine user involvement with evaluating conformance to WCAG

Question 17

How does accessibility testing differ from usability testing?

Answer 17

you would likely use a think-aloud technique with high facilitator interaction
data collection would focus on understanding errors related to accessibility barriers, rather than on time-on-task or user satisfaction
tasks would concentrate on specific areas of concern for potential accessibility problems, rather than general site usage

Question 18

What is a heuristic evaluation?

Answer 18

a systematic evaluation of the user interface guided by explicitly stated usability principles, known as heuristics.

Question 19

How does heuristic testing compare to user testing?

Answer 19

Both are effective in finding issues and neither can be ignored, they are complimentary to each other and should be done iteratively

Question 20

What should be followed for authoring tools such as content management systems (CMS), blog software, and WYSIWYG editors? Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG).

Answer 20

Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG).

Question 21

What should be followed for browsers, media players, and other ‘user agents’?

Answer 21

User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG).

Question 22

What should be included in a basic accessibility check?

Answer 22

Page title
Image text alternatives ("alt text") (pictures, illustrations, charts, etc.)
Headings
Contrast ratio ("color contrast")
Resize Text
Keyboard access and visual focus
Forms, labels, and errors (including Search fields)
Moving, Flashing, or Blinking Content
Multimedia (video, audio) alternatives
Basic Structure Check

Question 23

What is BAD?

Answer 23

The W3C’s “Before and After Demo” web site, which compares a site before and after accessibility has been addressed. Is great for learning how to solve issues, testing code and for showing stake holders the differences.

Question 24

The Accessibility problems, such as that of a non-mouse user having trouble with keyboard access, can be caused by one of five things:

Answer 24

1. the developer did not markup/code the web page properly
2. the browser or media player isn’t handling the markup properly
3. the user’s AT isn’t handling the markup properly,
4. the user doesn’t know how to use the browser, media player, or AT’s keyboard access features
5. the page is poorly designed and it is a general usability problem for all users, including those without disabilities

Question 25

What are some best practices for finding the right PwD to test your site?

Answer 25

find people close to your target users
test with people who would use your product
find people of diverse disabilities

Question 26

What’s the best way to start out the testing process with a PwD?

Answer 26

1. give them time to get their set up to their liking
2. Have them show you a site they think is easy to use and have them demo that as this will confirm their set up is to their liking and is working
3. Inform them what the focus of this testing is, if it is specifically looking at one component, say buttons
4. If it’s a redesign, have them show you how they use it now and what’s wrong with it