WBC Physiology Flashcards
The presence of which antibody signifies recent infection? Which signifies past infection?
Recent IgM
Past IgG
What is a leukoerythroblastic blood film?
Nucleated RBC + granulocytes
What causes a leukoerythroblastic blood film?
Sepsis Marrow infiltrate Myelofibrosis Severe bleeding Shock
“Activated T cells, B cell appearance change abundant blue cytoplasm wraps neighboring RBCs” is seen in what
Infective mononucleosis
EBV, HIV, CMV, viral hepatitis, toxoplasma
A splenectomy is used to treat what 2 conditions?
ITP and AIHA
What infections are patients particularly prone to post splenectomy?
Encapsulated organisms; meningococcus, pneumococcus, Hib
What are B cell symptoms?
Fever, sweats, weight loss
EBV, infarction, inflam, autoimmune eg RA, hypersensitivity all cause _______
Reactive lymphocytosis
What causes lymphocytosis?
CLL
Lymphoma
Virus
What causes basophilia?
Polycythaemia rubra vera
CML
What causes eosinophilia?
Allergy Atopy Asthma Parasite Hodgkin’s lymphoma T cell lymphoma EGPA
What causes activated lymphocytes?
EBV - esp
HIV
Viral URTI eg RSV
What causes neutrophilia?
Bacterial infection Inflammation Necrosis CCS Blood loss Myeloproliferative disorder
What is the arterial supply to the spleen?
Splenic artery from celiac axis
The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein together form the _____
Hepatic portal vein
What is the function of the spleen?
Detects damaged / foreign material in blood and eliminates it
What are the 2 parts of the spleen?
Red pulp
White pulp
What is the spleen red pulp formed of?
Sinusoids + cords
What part of the spleen contains the macrophages and transit cells
Red pulp cords
What part of the spleen is the site of antigen presentation?
White pulp
What part of the spleen contains the peri-articular lymphoid sheath?
White pulp
How does splenomegaly present?
LUQ dragging sensation
Eating discomfort
Palpable
What is hypersplenism?
Splenomegaly + reduced blood cell component + compensatory cytopenia
What is the myeloid : erythroid ratio?
Neutrophil precursor: RBC precursor in marrow
What causes a reversed myeloid: erythroid ratio?
Compensatory response in haemolysis
What are 2 parts of bone marrow?
Red and yellow marrow
What is the function of red marrow?
Haemopoiesis
What is yellow marrow?
Fat inactive marrow
What replaces capillaries in bone marrow?
Venous sinuses
Where is a marrow biopsy done in adults and children?
Adult PSIS
Child anterior tibia
What is the only way to view progenitor cells?
Marrow biopsy
What investigation is done to identify proteins in lymph nodes?
Immunohistochemistry
Enzyme expression can be used to identify some cell types - what cell is the enzyme myeloperoxidase found in?
Neutrophil
The cell surface antigen glycophorin A is found on cells?
RBCs
What cell type has an eccentric clock face nucleus and plentiful cytoplasm?
Plasma cells
Where do NK cells mature? What cell type are they against?
Virally infected cells and tumour cells
Mature in marrow
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
Where do B cells mature?
Marrow
A mature lymphocyte nucleus is the same size as what cell?
RBC
Where are mature lymphocytes found?
Secondary lymphoid tissue
Which granulocyte has histamine granules?
Basophils
What type of receptors do basophils have? What do they bind?
Fc receptors bind IgE
How do eosinophils appear on film?
Bi-lobed, bright orange red granules
“1 big nucleus, faint granules, vacuolated” describes what cell
Monocyte
What is the function of monocytes? How long do they circulate for before entering tissues and become a macrophage?
Phagocytose + present Ag to lymphocyte
1 week
What is the function of neutrophils?
Degranulate and phagocytose
Die in process
(Also attract other cells)
What is the lifespan of neutrophils? Why is this clinically significant?
7-8 hours
1st effected in pancytopaenia
What is a neutrophil also known as?
Polymorph
What regulates neutrophil granulopoiesis?
G-CSF
What shape describes a neutrophil nucleus?
Segmented
What cell is referred to as a circulating version of a mast cell?
Basophil
What cell is raised in blood in infection, trauma and infraction?
Neutrophils
