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Y3 Haematology > WBC Physiology > Flashcards

WBC Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of which antibody signifies recent infection? Which signifies past infection?

A

Recent IgM

Past IgG

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2
Q

What is a leukoerythroblastic blood film?

A

Nucleated RBC + granulocytes

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3
Q

What causes a leukoerythroblastic blood film?

A 
Sepsis
Marrow infiltrate
Myelofibrosis
Severe bleeding
Shock
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4
Q

“Activated T cells, B cell appearance change abundant blue cytoplasm wraps neighboring RBCs” is seen in what

A

Infective mononucleosis

EBV, HIV, CMV, viral hepatitis, toxoplasma

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5
Q

A splenectomy is used to treat what 2 conditions?

A

ITP and AIHA

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6
Q

What infections are patients particularly prone to post splenectomy?

A

Encapsulated organisms; meningococcus, pneumococcus, Hib

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7
Q

What are B cell symptoms?

A

Fever, sweats, weight loss

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8
Q

EBV, infarction, inflam, autoimmune eg RA, hypersensitivity all cause _______

A

Reactive lymphocytosis

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9
Q

What causes lymphocytosis?

A

CLL
Lymphoma
Virus

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10
Q

What causes basophilia?

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera

CML

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11
Q

What causes eosinophilia?

A 
Allergy
Atopy
Asthma
Parasite
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
T cell lymphoma
EGPA
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12
Q

What causes activated lymphocytes?

A

EBV - esp
HIV
Viral URTI eg RSV

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13
Q

What causes neutrophilia?

A 
Bacterial infection
Inflammation
Necrosis
CCS
Blood loss
Myeloproliferative disorder
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14
Q

What is the arterial supply to the spleen?

A

Splenic artery from celiac axis

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15
Q

The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein together form the _____

A

Hepatic portal vein

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16
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Detects damaged / foreign material in blood and eliminates it

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the spleen?

A

Red pulp

White pulp

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18
Q

What is the spleen red pulp formed of?

A

Sinusoids + cords

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19
Q

What part of the spleen contains the macrophages and transit cells

A

Red pulp cords

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20
Q

What part of the spleen is the site of antigen presentation?

A

White pulp

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21
Q

What part of the spleen contains the peri-articular lymphoid sheath?

A

White pulp

22
Q

How does splenomegaly present?

A

LUQ dragging sensation
Eating discomfort
Palpable

23
Q

What is hypersplenism?

A

Splenomegaly + reduced blood cell component + compensatory cytopenia

24
Q

What is the myeloid : erythroid ratio?

A

Neutrophil precursor: RBC precursor in marrow

25
Q

What causes a reversed myeloid: erythroid ratio?

A

Compensatory response in haemolysis

26
Q

What are 2 parts of bone marrow?

A

Red and yellow marrow

27
Q

What is the function of red marrow?

A

Haemopoiesis

28
Q

What is yellow marrow?

A

Fat inactive marrow

29
Q

What replaces capillaries in bone marrow?

A

Venous sinuses

30
Q

Where is a marrow biopsy done in adults and children?

A

Adult PSIS

Child anterior tibia

31
Q

What is the only way to view progenitor cells?

A

Marrow biopsy

32
Q

What investigation is done to identify proteins in lymph nodes?

A

Immunohistochemistry

33
Q

Enzyme expression can be used to identify some cell types - what cell is the enzyme myeloperoxidase found in?

A

Neutrophil

34
Q

The cell surface antigen glycophorin A is found on cells?

A

RBCs

35
Q

What cell type has an eccentric clock face nucleus and plentiful cytoplasm?

A

Plasma cells

36
Q

Where do NK cells mature? What cell type are they against?

A

Virally infected cells and tumour cells

Mature in marrow

37
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

38
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Marrow

39
Q

A mature lymphocyte nucleus is the same size as what cell?

A

RBC

40
Q

Where are mature lymphocytes found?

A

Secondary lymphoid tissue

41
Q

Which granulocyte has histamine granules?

A

Basophils

42
Q

What type of receptors do basophils have? What do they bind?

A

Fc receptors bind IgE

43
Q

How do eosinophils appear on film?

A

Bi-lobed, bright orange red granules

44
Q

“1 big nucleus, faint granules, vacuolated” describes what cell

A

Monocyte

45
Q

What is the function of monocytes? How long do they circulate for before entering tissues and become a macrophage?

A

Phagocytose + present Ag to lymphocyte

1 week

46
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Degranulate and phagocytose

Die in process
(Also attract other cells)

47
Q

What is the lifespan of neutrophils? Why is this clinically significant?

A

7-8 hours

1st effected in pancytopaenia

48
Q

What is a neutrophil also known as?

A

Polymorph

49
Q

What regulates neutrophil granulopoiesis?

A

G-CSF

50
Q

What shape describes a neutrophil nucleus?

A

Segmented

51
Q

What cell is referred to as a circulating version of a mast cell?

A

Basophil

52
Q

What cell is raised in blood in infection, trauma and infraction?

A

Neutrophils

Y3 Haematology (15 decks)

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