WBC Physiology

Question 1

The presence of which antibody signifies recent infection? Which signifies past infection?

Answer 1

Recent IgM

Past IgG

Question 2

What is a leukoerythroblastic blood film?

Answer 2

Nucleated RBC + granulocytes

Question 3

What causes a leukoerythroblastic blood film?

Answer 3

Sepsis
Marrow infiltrate
Myelofibrosis
Severe bleeding
Shock

Question 4

“Activated T cells, B cell appearance change abundant blue cytoplasm wraps neighboring RBCs” is seen in what

Answer 4

Infective mononucleosis

EBV, HIV, CMV, viral hepatitis, toxoplasma

Question 5

A splenectomy is used to treat what 2 conditions?

Answer 5

ITP and AIHA

Question 6

What infections are patients particularly prone to post splenectomy?

Answer 6

Encapsulated organisms; meningococcus, pneumococcus, Hib

Question 7

What are B cell symptoms?

Answer 7

Fever, sweats, weight loss

Question 8

EBV, infarction, inflam, autoimmune eg RA, hypersensitivity all cause _______

Answer 8

Reactive lymphocytosis

Question 9

What causes lymphocytosis?

Answer 9

CLL
Lymphoma
Virus

Question 10

What causes basophilia?

Answer 10

Polycythaemia rubra vera

CML

Question 11

What causes eosinophilia?

Answer 11

Allergy
Atopy
Asthma
Parasite
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
T cell lymphoma
EGPA

Question 12

What causes activated lymphocytes?

Answer 12

EBV - esp
HIV
Viral URTI eg RSV

Question 13

What causes neutrophilia?

Answer 13

Bacterial infection
Inflammation
Necrosis
CCS
Blood loss
Myeloproliferative disorder

Question 14

What is the arterial supply to the spleen?

Answer 14

Splenic artery from celiac axis

Question 15

The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein together form the _____

Answer 15

Hepatic portal vein

Question 16

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 16

Detects damaged / foreign material in blood and eliminates it

Question 17

What are the 2 parts of the spleen?

Answer 17

Red pulp

White pulp

Question 18

What is the spleen red pulp formed of?

Answer 18

Sinusoids + cords

Question 19

What part of the spleen contains the macrophages and transit cells

Answer 19

Red pulp cords

Question 20

What part of the spleen is the site of antigen presentation?

Answer 20

White pulp

Question 21

What part of the spleen contains the peri-articular lymphoid sheath?

Answer 21

White pulp

Question 22

How does splenomegaly present?

Answer 22

LUQ dragging sensation
Eating discomfort
Palpable

Question 23

What is hypersplenism?

Answer 23

Splenomegaly + reduced blood cell component + compensatory cytopenia

Question 24

What is the myeloid : erythroid ratio?

Answer 24

Neutrophil precursor: RBC precursor in marrow

Question 25

What causes a reversed myeloid: erythroid ratio?

Answer 25

Compensatory response in haemolysis

Question 26

What are 2 parts of bone marrow?

Answer 26

Red and yellow marrow

Question 27

What is the function of red marrow?

Answer 27

Haemopoiesis

Question 28

What is yellow marrow?

Answer 28

Fat inactive marrow

Question 29

What replaces capillaries in bone marrow?

Answer 29

Venous sinuses

Question 30

Where is a marrow biopsy done in adults and children?

Answer 30

Adult PSIS | Child anterior tibia

Question 31

What is the only way to view progenitor cells?

Answer 31

Marrow biopsy

Question 32

What investigation is done to identify proteins in lymph nodes?

Answer 32

Immunohistochemistry

Question 33

Enzyme expression can be used to identify some cell types - what cell is the enzyme myeloperoxidase found in?

Answer 33

Neutrophil

Question 34

The cell surface antigen glycophorin A is found on cells?

Answer 34

RBCs

Question 35

What cell type has an eccentric clock face nucleus and plentiful cytoplasm?

Answer 35

Plasma cells

Question 36

Where do NK cells mature? What cell type are they against?

Answer 36

Virally infected cells and tumour cells | Mature in marrow

Question 37

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 37

Thymus

Question 38

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 38

Marrow

Question 39

A mature lymphocyte nucleus is the same size as what cell?

Answer 39

RBC

Question 40

Where are mature lymphocytes found?

Answer 40

Secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 41

Which granulocyte has histamine granules?

Answer 41

Basophils

Question 42

What type of receptors do basophils have? What do they bind?

Answer 42

Fc receptors bind IgE

Question 43

How do eosinophils appear on film?

Answer 43

Bi-lobed, bright orange red granules

Question 44

"1 big nucleus, faint granules, vacuolated" describes what cell

Answer 44

Monocyte

Question 45

What is the function of monocytes? How long do they circulate for before entering tissues and become a macrophage?

Answer 45

Phagocytose + present Ag to lymphocyte | 1 week

Question 46

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 46

Degranulate and phagocytose | Die in process (Also attract other cells)

Question 47

What is the lifespan of neutrophils? Why is this clinically significant?

Answer 47

7-8 hours | 1st effected in pancytopaenia

Question 48

What is a neutrophil also known as?

Answer 48

Polymorph

Question 49

What regulates neutrophil granulopoiesis?

Answer 49

G-CSF

Question 50

What shape describes a neutrophil nucleus?

Answer 50

Segmented

Question 51

What cell is referred to as a circulating version of a mast cell?

Answer 51

Basophil

Question 52

What cell is raised in blood in infection, trauma and infraction?

Answer 52

Neutrophils