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Y3 Haematology > Lymph Nodes & Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymph Nodes & Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

Where is lymph returned to the circulation?

A

Subclavian / jugular V junction

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2
Q

What is primary lymphoid tissue?

A

Marrow for B cell maturation THOUGHT THEY MATURED IN LN?

Thymus for T cell maturation

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3
Q

What is the dilated lower end of the thoracic duct at the inferior aorta called?

A

Cisterna chyli

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4
Q

What sides of the body are the thoracic duct and lymphatic duct on?

A

Left thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

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5
Q

What is the normal LN shape?

A

Oval

COULD GO IN A LOT MORE DETAIL HERE

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6
Q

How does bacterial lymphadenopathy feel / appear?

A 
Local 
Tender
Hard
Smooth
Inflamed skin
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7
Q

How does viral lymphadenopathy feel / appear?

A

Systemic
Tender
Hard
Smooth

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8
Q

How does lymphoma lymphadenopathy feel / appear?

A

Not tender
Rubbery / soft
Smooth
Local / widespread

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9
Q

How does lymphadenopathy due to a met feel / appear?

A

Not tender
Hard
Craggy irregular
Tethered

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10
Q

What primaries could a LN met be due to?

A

Any but more likely

Leukaemia
Ovary
Breast

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11
Q

Other than a viral or bacterial infection, or a malignancy, what else can cause lymphadenopathy?

A

Sarcoidosis
Connective tissue disorder
Autoimmune condition eg RA

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12
Q

What test can diagnose lymphoma?

A

Immunohistochemistry

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13
Q

How is lymphoma classified?

A

Hodgkin’s and NHL

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14
Q

What is used to differentiate Hodgkin’s and NHL?

A

Hodgkin’s is Reed Sternberg CD30+ present on immunohistochemistry

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15
Q

The presentation is more likely to be Hodgkin’s than NHL if:

  • the age range is
  • gender
  • above/below diaphragm
  • B S+S present/absent
A

The presentation is more likely to be Hodgkin’s than NHL if:

  • the age range is YOUNG
  • FEMALEgender
  • ABOVE diaphragm
  • B S+S PRESENT
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16
Q

Is a biopsy always indicated for lymphoma?

A

Yes

Need a big sample

17
Q

How is NHL sub-divided? Which type is more common?

A

90% B cell

10% T cell

18
Q

What type of NHL is associated with a t(11:14) mutation?

A

Mantle cell (bad prognosis)

19
Q

What type of NHL is associated with a t(14:18) mutation?

A

Follicular

20
Q

What type of NHL is more common in Africans with EBV infection and involves the marrow? It has a bad prognosis

A

Burkitt

21
Q

How does lymphoma present?

A

Lymphadenopathy
Weight loss
Bad night sweats

22
Q

What tests are done to stage lymphoma?

A

PET + CT

23
Q

What is stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 lymphoma?

A 
1 = 1 group of LN
2 = 2+ groups of LN
3 = above and below diaphragm
4 = effects organ

Y3 Haematology (15 decks)

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