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Hematology CCMLS > wbc disorders > Flashcards

wbc disorders Flashcards

1
Q

neutrophilia >7x10*9/l

A 
increased neutrophils
not path.
normal in newborns
transient
no increased bands
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2
Q

acute neutrophilia

A

bact. infec./ toxin
BM response
shift left increase in bands

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3
Q

chronic neutrophilia

A 
follows acute
cont. stimulation
bm storage depletion
increase in mitotic pool
shift left: toxic granulation, dohle bodies
increased metamyelocytes and myelocytes
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4
Q

leukmoid rxn neutrophilia

A 
extreme rxn to severe infec
necrotic tissue
>25K
many immature cells (bands, meta, myelo)
must distinguish from CML
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5
Q

leukemoid rxn vs. CML

A

Leukemoid: norm rbc & plt, LAP increased, toxic gran., dohle bodies
CML: ab. rbc & plt (decreased rbc, wbc, plt), LAP decreased, no toxic gran., no dohle bodies, increased eos and basos

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6
Q

Other causes of neutrophilia

A 
tissue necrosis
burns
rheumatoid arthritis
tumors
steroids
pregnancy
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7
Q

Causes of neutropenia <2x109/L/ <1.5x109/L

A 
decreased bm
stem cell disorders
chemo/radiation
myelophthisic anemia
megaloblastic anemai
inherited
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8
Q

neutropenia: increased WBC loss

A 
severe infec.
immune loss
hypersplenism
hemodialysis
viral infec
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9
Q

neturopenia: pseudoneutropenia

A

increase mgp
transient
some infec. and hypersensitivity rxns

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10
Q

Chronic Granulomatous disease

A

rare, inherited
ab oxidative metabolism
recurrent infec.
Nitroblue tetrazolium test: detects ab O2 metabolites (+blue)

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11
Q

Chediak Higashi anomaly

A

rare, inherited
death in infancy due to infec
fusion of 1* and 2* granules= ab lysosomes
locomotion, delayed de-granulation, decreased killing
hypopigmentation
big blue inclusions in neutrophils

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12
Q

neutropenia: agranulocytosis

A

<0.5 x 10*9/L

agranulocytic= not good for patient

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13
Q

May-Hegglin anomaly

A 
rare inherit.
large basophilic inclusions in cytoplasm
maybe thrombocytopenia and giant plts
maybe bleeding
usually asymp
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14
Q

Pelger Huet anomaly

A 
bening inherited ad
hyposegs
bi lobed segs and increase in bands
pince nez cells
normal cell fx
acquired w/ MPD/MDS
must diff. from true left shift
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15
Q

Alder Reilly anomaly

A 
inherited
large purple granules in cyto of wbc
ppt mucopolysaccharides
enzyme deficency
normal cell fx
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16
Q

myeloperoxidase deficiency

A

benign inherited
no increase in infec
causes tech. errror in instruments that use peroxidase to id wbc
use other microbial to kill organisms (diabetic may have increase in C. albicans infec)

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17
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

rare inhert.
absence of wbc surface adhesion prot. (integrins)
defects in adhesion, chemotaxis, phag., respiratory burst, degran.
frequent infec
high mortality rate

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18
Q

systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)

A 
connective tissue disease
butterfly rash
anti dna acts on wbc (LE factor)
change in nucleus
round homogenous body is ingested by neutrophil (LE cell)
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19
Q

lab testing for SLE: clot method

A 
wbc treated to free nuclei
LE factor acts on nuclei
neut. phag. nuclei
smears made and stained
differentiate from tart cell
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20
Q

lab testing for SLE: ANA testing

A

more specific anti nuclear antibody (LE factor)

21
Q

eosinohils

A 
1* tissue cells
very motile
phag.
defense against parasites
anti infam. cells (allergy/asthma)
increased tryptophan= increased eos
22
Q

eosinophilia >450/cumm

A 
parasite infec
allergy
asthma
hypersensitive skin disorder
hematologic malignancy
tryptophan
23
Q

hypereosinophilic syndrome >1500/cumm

A

tissue infiltration and damage through release of gran.

Charcot Leyden crystals (can damage tissues and heart)

24
Q

eosinopenia

A

hard to define
no eos associated w/ acute infec/ inflamm.
glucocorticosteroids and epinephrine inhibit eos release from bm and increase margination
acute stress/shock
Cushing’s synd.

25
Q

basophils

A 
limited motility
water soluble granules
granules contain heparin and histamine
modulate inflamm. response
receptors for IgE
tissue baso= mast cell
26
Q

basophilia >150/cumm

A

immediate hypersensitivity rxn and MPD

malignancy

27
Q

basopenia

A

difficult to establish

due to inflamm. and immunologic rxns

28
Q

monocytosis >800/cumm

A 
inflamm. and malignancies
recovery stage of acute infec. and agranulocytosis
immune cellular response in TB
non bact infec.
collagen vascular disorders
fungal infec
29
Q

monocytopenia <200/cumm

A

hard to establish

stem cell disorders

30
Q

lipid storage disorders

A

monocytes/macrophages
enzyme necessary to digest phag. material is deficient
Gaucher’s, Nieman-Pick, Tay-Sachs, Sea Blue Histiocyte

31
Q

Gaucher’s disease

A 
accum. of lipid in macro.
inherited
deficiency of glucocerebrosidase
pancytopenia
splenomegaly and bone pain
increase serum phosphate
Gaucher cell- tissue paper cell in bm and tissue
32
Q

Nieman Pick disease

A 
rare inherited
jewish pop.
deficiency of sphingomyelinase
foamy macro.
poor physical develop., hepatosplenomegaly
fatal by age 3
33
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A 
rare inherited
deficiency of b-hexoseamidase
accum. of glycolipids and mucopolysaccharides
affects cns
fatal by age 4
34
Q

Sea Blue Histiocyte syndrome

A

inherited
benign
splenomegaly and decreased plts
sea blue staining macro in spleen and bm

35
Q

lymphocytosis

A

relative, absolute, or both
kids norm. high lymphs, puberty it decreases
usually self limiting due to infec/ inflamm

36
Q

lymphocytosis: infectious lymphocytosis

A

contagious
young kids
Adenovirus/ Coxsackie A virus
GI, resp., fever, headache, dizzy, painful neck
increased leukocytes, large #s of normal lymphs

37
Q

lymphocytosis: whooping cough

A

Bordatella pertusis
increase leukocytes, large #s of normal lymphs
may see neutrophilia w/ toxic

38
Q

plasmacytosis

A

b cells
plasma cells not in PB
intense stimulation of immune system w/ increased gamma globulin
rubeola, plasma cell leukemia, multiple myeloma
Mott cell (russell bodies)
flame cell

39
Q

plasmacytoid lymphs

A

nucleus off to one side
blue cyto
halo around nucleus
nucleus spoke of a wheel

40
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein Barr virus
14-24yrs
EBV infects B cells, Tc cells inhibit proliferation and participate in cellular immunity
lethargy, headach, fever, chills, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly

41
Q

infectious mononucleosis lab results

A 
leukocytosis 12-25K/cumm
>50%lymphs
lots of reactive lymphs (t cells)
heterogenous population of cells
heterophile Ab+
42
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A 
herpes grp virus
congenital/ acquried
most common viral infec that complictes tissue transplants
dangerous to newborns
like mono w/out sore throat
heterphile negative
43
Q

toxoplasmosis

A 
protozoan T. gondii
ingestion of oocysts from cat feces
leukocytosis
increased lymphs
reactive lymphs- similar to blasts or lymphoma cells
heterophile =
44
Q

lymphocytopenia

A 
inability to mount response to infec.
decreased prod./ increased destruction
steriods
cancer
acute inflamm infect
SLE
chemo/radia
malnutrition
immune deficiency disorders
45
Q

AIDS

A

HIV 1
infect w/ opportunistic organ.
malignancies (Kaposi’s sarcoma of blood vessels)
trans. thru blood/sex
weight loss, night sweats, fever, diarrhea, infec.
pancytopenia, decreased lymps, decreased Th cells (CD4)
no cure= AZT used

46
Q

SCIDS (severe combined immune deficiency syndrome)

A 
inherited sex linked
deficiency of T and B cells
decreased lympoid tiss in nodes/bm
recurrent infec., rash, failure to thrive, death to sepsis in 2 yrs
bm transplant
bubble boy
47
Q

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

A

sex linked
decreased Ab
eczema, thrombocytopenia, immune deficiency, death by age 10
bm transplant (if before 5 85% success)/supportive

48
Q

DiGeorge syndrome

A 
decreased tcells and lymphoid tiss
normal bcells
no thymus= hypoparathyroidism
heart defects, hypocalcemia, recurrent infec
thymic grafts
49
Q

Bruton’s disease

A 
sex linked
agammaglobulinemia
decreased bcells and plama cells
normal tcells
resp/skin infec w/ catalase = pyogenic bact
gamma globulin injections

Hematology CCMLS (13 decks)

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