cytochemical stains Flashcards
LAP stain
leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
high in leukemoid rxn
low in CML
how LAP works
enzyme in neutrophil gran. is exposed to napthol-phosphate when w/ diazonium salt @alkaline pH
enzyme acts on substrate releases phosphate and arylnoaphtyolamide which couples to the salt forming red/blue ppt.
MPO stain
myeloperoxidase
diff. btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells
how MPO works
detects myeloperoxidase enzyme
indicated by counterstaining w/ blue/black stain
what cells stain positive with MPO?
myeloblasts
promyelocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
slightly basophils and monocytes
when do LAP scores increase?
leukemoid rxns
3rd trimester pregnancy
polycythemia vera
multiple myeloma
myelofibrosis
when are LAP scores decreased?
CML
PNH
sideroblastic anemia
SBB stain
sudan black b stain
differentiates btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells
how SBB stain works
process stains lipids
primary and secondary gran of neut. w/ auer rods stain +
what cells stain positive with SBB stain?
neutrophils
cells w/ auer rods
neutrophil precursors
eosinophils
slightly monocytes
SPECIFIC ESTERASE STAIN
choroacetate esterase
IDs granulocytes and mast cells
how does specific esterase stain work?
identifies enzymatic activity
what cells stain positive in specific esterase?
granulocytes
auer rods
mast cells
NON SPECIFC ESTERASE STAIN
ALPHA NAPTHYL ESTERASE
identifies monocytic and myelomonocytic cells
how does non specific esterase stain work?
identifies enzymatic activity
can be affected by altering pH, substrate, procedure
what cells stain positive with non specific esterase stain at acid pH?
monocytes
what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alkaline pH?
monocytes and granulocytes
what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alpha napthyl butyrate substrate?
monocytes
wk. +/= neutrophils, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes
what happens in non specific esterase stain with sodium flouride?
monocytic enzyme is inactivated
inhibits staining of monocytes
PAS stain
periodic acid shiff
assists w/ diagnosis of M6 leukemia
how does PAS stain work?
stains glycogen in cells
what cells stain positive in PAS stain?
strong + in cells of M6 leukemia
block positivity in ALL
ACID PHOSPHATASE STAIN
assists with diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia
how does acid phosphatase stain work?
identifies enzymatic activity
what cells stain positive in acid phosphatase stain?
hairy cells (t lymphs)
myeloma cells
tartrate inhibits other cells- hairy cells are resistant to tartrate inhibition
TRAP stain
tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
used for hairy cell leukemia- hairy cells
TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE STAIN
identifies immature lymphocytes, T-cells
how does terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain work?
identifies enzymatic activity
Immunofluorescent technique
what stains positive in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain?
ALL- T cell ALL
TOLUIDINE BLUE STAIN
identifies basophils and mast cells
how does toluidine blue stain work?
stains mucopolysaccharides
what cells stain positive in toluidine blue stain?
basophilic leukemia cells
mast cell disease cells
what stains do myeloblasts stain positive with?
MPO
SBB
SPECIFIC ESTERASE
NON SPECIFIC ESTERASE
PAS (diffuse pattern)
TdT
what stains do lymphoblasts stain positive with?
PAS (block pattern)
TdT
