cytochemical stains

Question 1

LAP stain

Answer 1

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
high in leukemoid rxn
low in CML

Question 2

how LAP works

Answer 2

enzyme in neutrophil gran. is exposed to napthol-phosphate when w/ diazonium salt @alkaline pH
enzyme acts on substrate releases phosphate and arylnoaphtyolamide which couples to the salt forming red/blue ppt.

Question 3

MPO stain

Answer 3

myeloperoxidase
diff. btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells

Question 4

how MPO works

Answer 4

detects myeloperoxidase enzyme
indicated by counterstaining w/ blue/black stain

Question 5

what cells stain positive with MPO?

Answer 5

myeloblasts
promyelocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
slightly basophils and monocytes

Question 6

when do LAP scores increase?

Answer 6

leukemoid rxns
3rd trimester pregnancy
polycythemia vera
multiple myeloma
myelofibrosis

Question 7

when are LAP scores decreased?

Answer 7

CML
PNH
sideroblastic anemia

Question 8

SBB stain

Answer 8

sudan black b stain
differentiates btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells

Question 9

how SBB stain works

Answer 9

process stains lipids
primary and secondary gran of neut. w/ auer rods stain +

Question 10

what cells stain positive with SBB stain?

Answer 10

neutrophils
cells w/ auer rods
neutrophil precursors
eosinophils
slightly monocytes

Question 11

SPECIFIC ESTERASE STAIN

Answer 11

choroacetate esterase
IDs granulocytes and mast cells

Question 12

how does specific esterase stain work?

Answer 12

identifies enzymatic activity

Question 13

what cells stain positive in specific esterase?

Answer 13

granulocytes
auer rods
mast cells

Question 14

NON SPECIFC ESTERASE STAIN

Answer 14

ALPHA NAPTHYL ESTERASE
identifies monocytic and myelomonocytic cells

Question 15

how does non specific esterase stain work?

Answer 15

identifies enzymatic activity
can be affected by altering pH, substrate, procedure

Question 16

what cells stain positive with non specific esterase stain at acid pH?

Answer 16

monocytes

Question 17

what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alkaline pH?

Answer 17

monocytes and granulocytes

Question 18

what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alpha napthyl butyrate substrate?

Answer 18

monocytes
wk. +/= neutrophils, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes

Question 19

what happens in non specific esterase stain with sodium flouride?

Answer 19

monocytic enzyme is inactivated
inhibits staining of monocytes

Question 20

PAS stain

Answer 20

periodic acid shiff
assists w/ diagnosis of M6 leukemia

Question 21

how does PAS stain work?

Answer 21

stains glycogen in cells

Question 22

what cells stain positive in PAS stain?

Answer 22

strong + in cells of M6 leukemia
block positivity in ALL

Question 23

ACID PHOSPHATASE STAIN

Answer 23

assists with diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia

Question 24

how does acid phosphatase stain work?

Answer 24

identifies enzymatic activity

Question 25

what cells stain positive in acid phosphatase stain?

Answer 25

hairy cells (t lymphs) myeloma cells tartrate inhibits other cells- hairy cells are resistant to tartrate inhibition

Question 26

TRAP stain

Answer 26

tartrate resistant acid phosphatase used for hairy cell leukemia- hairy cells

Question 27

TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE STAIN

Answer 27

identifies immature lymphocytes, T-cells

Question 28

how does terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain work?

Answer 28

identifies enzymatic activity Immunofluorescent technique

Question 29

what stains positive in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain?

Answer 29

ALL- T cell ALL

Question 30

TOLUIDINE BLUE STAIN

Answer 30

identifies basophils and mast cells

Question 31

how does toluidine blue stain work?

Answer 31

stains mucopolysaccharides

Question 32

what cells stain positive in toluidine blue stain?

Answer 32

basophilic leukemia cells mast cell disease cells

Question 33

what stains do myeloblasts stain positive with?

Answer 33

MPO SBB SPECIFIC ESTERASE NON SPECIFIC ESTERASE PAS (diffuse pattern) TdT

Question 34

what stains do lymphoblasts stain positive with?

Answer 34

PAS (block pattern) TdT