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Hematology CCMLS > cytochemical stains > Flashcards

cytochemical stains Flashcards

1
Q

LAP stain

A

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
high in leukemoid rxn
low in CML

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2
Q

how LAP works

A

enzyme in neutrophil gran. is exposed to napthol-phosphate when w/ diazonium salt @alkaline pH
enzyme acts on substrate releases phosphate and arylnoaphtyolamide which couples to the salt forming red/blue ppt.

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3
Q

MPO stain

A

myeloperoxidase
diff. btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells

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4
Q

how MPO works

A

detects myeloperoxidase enzyme
indicated by counterstaining w/ blue/black stain

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5
Q

what cells stain positive with MPO?

A

myeloblasts
promyelocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
slightly basophils and monocytes

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6
Q

when do LAP scores increase?

A

leukemoid rxns
3rd trimester pregnancy
polycythemia vera
multiple myeloma
myelofibrosis

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7
Q

when are LAP scores decreased?

A

CML
PNH
sideroblastic anemia

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8
Q

SBB stain

A

sudan black b stain
differentiates btwn myeloid and lymphoid cells

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9
Q

how SBB stain works

A

process stains lipids
primary and secondary gran of neut. w/ auer rods stain +

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10
Q

what cells stain positive with SBB stain?

A

neutrophils
cells w/ auer rods
neutrophil precursors
eosinophils
slightly monocytes

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11
Q

SPECIFIC ESTERASE STAIN

A

choroacetate esterase
IDs granulocytes and mast cells

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12
Q

how does specific esterase stain work?

A

identifies enzymatic activity

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13
Q

what cells stain positive in specific esterase?

A

granulocytes
auer rods
mast cells

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14
Q

NON SPECIFC ESTERASE STAIN

A

ALPHA NAPTHYL ESTERASE
identifies monocytic and myelomonocytic cells

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15
Q

how does non specific esterase stain work?

A

identifies enzymatic activity
can be affected by altering pH, substrate, procedure

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16
Q

what cells stain positive with non specific esterase stain at acid pH?

A

monocytes

17
Q

what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alkaline pH?

A

monocytes and granulocytes

18
Q

what cells stain positive in non specific esterase stain with alpha napthyl butyrate substrate?

A

monocytes
wk. +/= neutrophils, megakaryocytes, lymphocytes

19
Q

what happens in non specific esterase stain with sodium flouride?

A

monocytic enzyme is inactivated
inhibits staining of monocytes

20
Q

PAS stain

A

periodic acid shiff
assists w/ diagnosis of M6 leukemia

21
Q

how does PAS stain work?

A

stains glycogen in cells

22
Q

what cells stain positive in PAS stain?

A

strong + in cells of M6 leukemia
block positivity in ALL

23
Q

ACID PHOSPHATASE STAIN

A

assists with diagnosis of Hairy cell leukemia

24
Q

how does acid phosphatase stain work?

A

identifies enzymatic activity

25
Q

what cells stain positive in acid phosphatase stain?

A

hairy cells (t lymphs)
myeloma cells
tartrate inhibits other cells- hairy cells are resistant to tartrate inhibition

26
Q

TRAP stain

A

tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
used for hairy cell leukemia- hairy cells

27
Q

TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE STAIN

A

identifies immature lymphocytes, T-cells

28
Q

how does terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain work?

A

identifies enzymatic activity
Immunofluorescent technique

29
Q

what stains positive in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase stain?

A

ALL- T cell ALL

30
Q

TOLUIDINE BLUE STAIN

A

identifies basophils and mast cells

31
Q

how does toluidine blue stain work?

A

stains mucopolysaccharides

32
Q

what cells stain positive in toluidine blue stain?

A

basophilic leukemia cells
mast cell disease cells

33
Q

what stains do myeloblasts stain positive with?

A

MPO
SBB
SPECIFIC ESTERASE
NON SPECIFIC ESTERASE
PAS (diffuse pattern)
TdT

34
Q

what stains do lymphoblasts stain positive with?

A

PAS (block pattern)
TdT

Hematology CCMLS (13 decks)

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