lymphoid malignancies Flashcards
acute lymphocytic leukemia characteristics
stem cell disorder
malignant proliferation
peak age 2-5 yoa
acute lymphocytic leukemia etiology
idiopathic
chromo ab (Downs syndrome)
leukemogenic factors
acute lymphocytic leukemia clinical course
abrupt onset
fatigue, pallor, weight loss, fever, bruising, bone pain
acute lymphocytic leukemia laboratory presentation
n/n anemia
thrombocytopenia
v wbc
diff: blasts (no auer rods)
cytochemistry: block + PAS
cell markers: CALLA, CD
classification: FAB
bm: hypercellular (increased blasts)
ALL TREATMENT
chemo/ radiation
bm transplant
umbilical cord treatment
80% survival in children
chronic lymphocytic leukemia laboratory presentation
n/n anemia
decreased plts
increased wbc
neutropenia
lymphocytosis
small lymphs
smudge cells
CML treatment
supportive
chemo/ radiation as needed
hairy cell leukemia characteristics
adult disease
male; female= 7:1
hairy cell leukemia clinical presentation
splengomegaly
increased infection
hairy cell leukemia laboratory presentation
pancytopenia
hairy cells
fibrosis in bm
TRAP stain +
immunophenotyping: B cells positive for CD 19, 20, 22, 25 etc.
hairy cell leukemia therapy
supportive
splenectomy
chemo
multiple myeloma charachteristics
adult median age 65
male predominance
malignant proliferation of plasma cells
monoclonal gammopathy (most IgG)
multiple myeloma clinical presentation
bone pain
lytic bone lesions and fractures
symptoms related to abnormalities
multiple myeloma laboratory presentation
increased plasma cells in bm
+/= plasma cells in peripheral blood
increased serium Ca
Bence Jones protein in urine
rouleaux
hazy smear
increased ESR
flame cells
ab. plasma cells with Dutcher bodies
immunophenotyping/ cytogenetics
multiple myeloma therapy
poor prognosis
chemo
bm/ stem cell transplant
death due to infection, fractures, renal failure
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulnemia characteristics
malignant proliferation of plasma cells
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia clinical/lab characteristics
lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
monoclonal gammopathy (IgM)
hyperviscosity
NO bone lesions
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia treatment
plasmapheresis: take unit of blood remove bad stuff give good back
median survival 4 yrs
Sezary syndrome
T cell lymphoma
Sezary Syndrome clinical/lab findings
erythrodema (skin infiltration and circulating Sezary cells)
sezary cell: t cell w/ irregular nuclear outline and fine chromatin (looks slightly immature)
treatment same as other lymphomas
lymphomas characteristics
malignant neoplasm involving lymphoid organs
2 types: Hodgkins and Non Hodgkins
adult: peaks at 20-30/ >50 yoa
most common malignancy of young adults in US
Hodgkin’s lymphoma characteristics
localized
central lymph nodes
contiguous spread
rare extra-nodal disease
peripheral blood not involved
bizarre cell apperance
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characteristics
widespread
peripheral lymph nodes
non-contiguous spread
extra-nodal disease common
peripheral blood may be involved
normal cell apperance (lymphs w/ clefts in nucleus but all look the same)
lymphoma classification
based on cell types and spread of disease
lymphoma treatment
chemo
radiation
2/3 hodgkin’s disease is curable- relapse possible
Burkitt’s lymphoma
high incidence in Africa
often extra-nodal (facial bones, jaw, intestines, ovaries, kidney)
diagnosed by morphology and immunophenotyping (B cell in orgin)
typical cell= blue, vacuolated (L3) [big blue cells w/ vacuoles]
treatment: chemo
