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Hematology CCMLS > RBC > Flashcards

RBC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the maturation of RBCs?

A 
pronormoblast (rubriblast)
basophilic normoblast (prorubricyte)
polychromatic normoblast (rubricyte)
orthochromic normoblast (metarubricyte)
polychromatophilic erythrocyte (reticulocyte)
erythrocyte
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2
Q

Normal RBC shapes (pokilocytosis)

A

target cells (codocytes), stomatocytes, leptocytes, elliptocytes, burr cells (echinocytes), teardrop (dacrocytes), fragments (schistocytes)

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3
Q

Abnormal RBC shapes (poikilocytosis)

A

acanthocytes, sickle cells (drepanocytes)

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4
Q

Abnormal RBC inclusions

A 
basophilic stippling
howell-jolly bodies
pappenheimer bodies
nRBCs
malarial parasites
Hgb C crystals
rouleaux
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5
Q

MCV is affected by RBC morphology how?

A

decreased by microcytes, fragments

increased by macrocytes, polychromasia, agglutination

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6
Q

MCHC is affected by RBC morphology how?

A

decreased by hypochromia

increased by spherocytes, lipemia, icterus, cold agglutins, instrument malfunction

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7
Q

RDW is affected by RBC morphology how?

A

increased by variation in RBC sizes (anisocytosis)

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8
Q

plasma

A

fluid portion of unclotted blood
contains fibrinogen
50% water 5% solutes

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9
Q

components of plasma

A

proteins: albumin, fibrinogen, globulins
ions: Ca, Na, K, Cl
nutritive elements: proteins, lipids, CHO
waste: uric acid, urea, lactic acid, blirubin
hormones
enzymes

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10
Q

serum

A

fluid portion of blood from clotted specimen

contains NO fibrinogen

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11
Q

Sites of hematopoiesis

A

liver, spleen, BM

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12
Q

What is the main function of Hgb?

A

oxygen carrier

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13
Q

Retic counts use what stain?

A

new methyl blue

blue cresol blue

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14
Q

Iron is stored as

A

Ferritin (storage coat- apoferritin)

hemosiderin (aggregates of ferritin)

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15
Q

iron is stored where?

A

macrophages of liver
spleen
BM

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16
Q

Hgb molecule structure

A

2 pairs polypeptide chains
4 heme groups
carries 4 molecules of oxygen

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17
Q

What is a precursor for protoporphyrin?

A

delta amino levulinic acid

18
Q

In the mucosal cells, ferric is linked to what?

A

transferrin

19
Q

normal Hgb in adults

A

Hgb A
Hgb A2
Hgb F

20
Q

Hgb function

A

oxygen transport
CO2 disposal
oxygen dissociation curve (Hgb affinity for O2 differs with how much it wants to hold onto O2)

21
Q

Oxygen dissociation Curve depends on what?

A

pO2
CO2
pH
2,3 DPG

22
Q

A shift to the right in an Oxygen Dissociation Curve involves what?

A

decreased pH (in tissues)
causes increased DPG production
decreased O2 affinity

23
Q

A shift to the left in an Oxygen Dissociation Curve involves what?

A

increased pH (less CO2 and less H+ in lungs)
causes decreased DPG production
increased O2 affinity

24
Q

effect of DPG on Oxygen dissociation curve

A

binds w/ Hgb

when bound O2 cannot bind and O2 is released into tissues

25
Q

Hgb method based on what procedure?

A

cyanmethgb procedure: (non cyanide) reagent lyse RBC, Hgb oxidized to methgb which shows pigment
concentration of hgb directly proportional to optical density of solution

26
Q

The measurement of optical density of Hgb is done on what and what wavelength?

A

spectrophotometer

540nm

27
Q

sources of error in Hgb measurement

A 
lipemia 
icterus
very increase WBC count
decreased RBC lysis
ab. plasma proteins
28
Q

Methemoglobin

A 
Hgb + Ferric
cannot carry O2
reversible
brownish color
environmental, infants, congenita defects
29
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A 
Hgb + CO
cannot carry O2
reversible
cherry red color
CO poisoning, smokers, city dwellers
30
Q

sulfhemoglobin

A 
Hgb + sulfur
cannot carry O2
irreversible
not measured by cyanmethgb method
drugs, chemicals
31
Q

deoxyhemoglobin

A

reduced hgb

not bound to O2

32
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

bound to oxygen

33
Q

normal types of Hgb polypeptide chains

A

alpha (prod. fetal and continuously after birth)
beta (prod. after birth)
delta (prod. thru out life but decreased after birth)
gamma (prod. early fetal life decreased quickly after birth)

fetal Hgb hangs onto oxygen better but alpha/beta work better w/ air

34
Q

Iron function in RBCs is?

A

Hgb synthesis
enzymes
RBC production

35
Q

leukopoiesis

A

wbc formation

36
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood formation

37
Q

erythropoiesis

A

rbc formation

38
Q

thrombopoiesis

A

clot formation

39
Q

medullary

40
Q

extramedullary

A

outside bm

41
Q

characteristics of young cells

A 
larger
rounder
larger nucleus
cytoplasm more blue (increased RNA) (pinker related to Hgb in RBC)
less granules or none
42
Q

release of cells into the blood is stimulated by

A

erythropoietin
leukopoietin
thrombopoietin
misc.: cytokines, IL, colony stimulating factors

Hematology CCMLS (13 decks)

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