RBC

Question 1

What is the maturation of RBCs?

Answer 1

pronormoblast (rubriblast)
basophilic normoblast (prorubricyte)
polychromatic normoblast (rubricyte)
orthochromic normoblast (metarubricyte)
polychromatophilic erythrocyte (reticulocyte)
erythrocyte

Question 2

Normal RBC shapes (pokilocytosis)

Answer 2

target cells (codocytes), stomatocytes, leptocytes, elliptocytes, burr cells (echinocytes), teardrop (dacrocytes), fragments (schistocytes)

Question 3

Abnormal RBC shapes (poikilocytosis)

Answer 3

acanthocytes, sickle cells (drepanocytes)

Question 4

Abnormal RBC inclusions

Answer 4

basophilic stippling
howell-jolly bodies
pappenheimer bodies
nRBCs
malarial parasites
Hgb C crystals
rouleaux

Question 5

MCV is affected by RBC morphology how?

Answer 5

decreased by microcytes, fragments

increased by macrocytes, polychromasia, agglutination

Question 6

MCHC is affected by RBC morphology how?

Answer 6

decreased by hypochromia

increased by spherocytes, lipemia, icterus, cold agglutins, instrument malfunction

Question 7

RDW is affected by RBC morphology how?

Answer 7

increased by variation in RBC sizes (anisocytosis)

Question 8

plasma

Answer 8

fluid portion of unclotted blood
contains fibrinogen
50% water 5% solutes

Question 9

components of plasma

Answer 9

proteins: albumin, fibrinogen, globulins
ions: Ca, Na, K, Cl
nutritive elements: proteins, lipids, CHO
waste: uric acid, urea, lactic acid, blirubin
hormones
enzymes

Question 10

serum

Answer 10

fluid portion of blood from clotted specimen

contains NO fibrinogen

Question 11

Sites of hematopoiesis

Answer 11

liver, spleen, BM

Question 12

What is the main function of Hgb?

Answer 12

oxygen carrier

Question 13

Retic counts use what stain?

Answer 13

new methyl blue

blue cresol blue

Question 14

Iron is stored as

Answer 14

Ferritin (storage coat- apoferritin)

hemosiderin (aggregates of ferritin)

Question 15

iron is stored where?

Answer 15

macrophages of liver
spleen
BM

Question 16

Hgb molecule structure

Answer 16

2 pairs polypeptide chains
4 heme groups
carries 4 molecules of oxygen

Question 17

What is a precursor for protoporphyrin?

Answer 17

delta amino levulinic acid

Question 18

In the mucosal cells, ferric is linked to what?

Answer 18

transferrin

Question 19

normal Hgb in adults

Answer 19

Hgb A
Hgb A2
Hgb F

Question 20

Hgb function

Answer 20

oxygen transport
CO2 disposal
oxygen dissociation curve (Hgb affinity for O2 differs with how much it wants to hold onto O2)

Question 21

Oxygen dissociation Curve depends on what?

Answer 21

pO2
CO2
pH
2,3 DPG

Question 22

A shift to the right in an Oxygen Dissociation Curve involves what?

Answer 22

decreased pH (in tissues)
causes increased DPG production
decreased O2 affinity

Question 23

A shift to the left in an Oxygen Dissociation Curve involves what?

Answer 23

increased pH (less CO2 and less H+ in lungs)
causes decreased DPG production
increased O2 affinity

Question 24

effect of DPG on Oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 24

binds w/ Hgb

when bound O2 cannot bind and O2 is released into tissues

Question 25

Hgb method based on what procedure?

Answer 25

cyanmethgb procedure: (non cyanide) reagent lyse RBC, Hgb oxidized to methgb which shows pigment concentration of hgb directly proportional to optical density of solution

Question 26

The measurement of optical density of Hgb is done on what and what wavelength?

Answer 26

spectrophotometer | 540nm

Question 27

sources of error in Hgb measurement

Answer 27

``` lipemia icterus very increase WBC count decreased RBC lysis ab. plasma proteins ```

Question 28

Methemoglobin

Answer 28

``` Hgb + Ferric cannot carry O2 reversible brownish color environmental, infants, congenita defects ```

Question 29

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 29

``` Hgb + CO cannot carry O2 reversible cherry red color CO poisoning, smokers, city dwellers ```

Question 30

sulfhemoglobin

Answer 30

``` Hgb + sulfur cannot carry O2 irreversible not measured by cyanmethgb method drugs, chemicals ```

Question 31

deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 31

reduced hgb | not bound to O2

Question 32

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 32

bound to oxygen

Question 33

normal types of Hgb polypeptide chains

Answer 33

alpha (prod. fetal and continuously after birth) beta (prod. after birth) delta (prod. thru out life but decreased after birth) gamma (prod. early fetal life decreased quickly after birth) fetal Hgb hangs onto oxygen better but alpha/beta work better w/ air

Question 34

Iron function in RBCs is?

Answer 34

Hgb synthesis enzymes RBC production

Question 35

leukopoiesis

Answer 35

wbc formation

Question 36

hematopoiesis

Answer 36

blood formation

Question 37

erythropoiesis

Answer 37

rbc formation

Question 38

thrombopoiesis

Answer 38

clot formation

Question 39

medullary

Answer 39

bm

Question 40

extramedullary

Answer 40

outside bm

Question 41

characteristics of young cells

Answer 41

``` larger rounder larger nucleus cytoplasm more blue (increased RNA) (pinker related to Hgb in RBC) less granules or none ```

Question 42

release of cells into the blood is stimulated by

Answer 42

erythropoietin leukopoietin thrombopoietin misc.: cytokines, IL, colony stimulating factors