WBC

Question 1

CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES

1. altered primary granules
   - enzymes such as ____ is contained in primary granules
   - shift to ___ for compensation for severe infection
   - ____ also appears in cytoplasm as larger inclusion
2. aggregates of free ribosomes
   - aka
   - an inherited condition, thus appearance of amato is permanent
   - If RNA precipitates & seen as granules in RBC
   - if RNA precipitates & seen as granules seen inside of WBC

Answer 1

1. TOXIC GRANULATION
   - myeloperoxidase
   - left
   - dohle bodies
2. DOHLE BODIES/AMATO
   - AMATO
   - MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY
   - Basophilic stippling
   - Amato bodies

Question 2

CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES

1. end stage of phagocytosis
   - large ___ areas within the cell
2. Cells show foamy & abundant cytoplasm
   - aka
   - __ associated w/ ____
   - caused by

Answer 2

1. CYTOPLASMIC VACUOLATION
   - empty
2. DOWNEY CELLS
   - ATYPICAL/ REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTE
   - ≥40 associated w/ INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS/ KISSING DISEASE
   - Epstein barr virus

Question 3

INHERITED ABNORMAL GRANULOCYTE FUNCTION:

1. Impaired directional motility
2. Both random and directional movement

Answer 3

1. JOB’S SYNDROME
2. LAZY LEUKOCYTE SYNDROME

Question 4

INHERITED DISORDERS:
1. abnormal polys accharide metabolism which prevents the formation of secondary granules
- associated with abnormalities in mucopolysacc metabolism like _____
- 2 large inclusions due to incomplete mucopolysacc metabolism
2. characterized by leucopenia, variable thrombocytopenia, giant platelets
- resembles ___ but are permanently present

Answer 4

1. Alder – Reilly Granulation
   - Gargoylism
   - Hurler’s & Hunter’s
2. May – Hegglin anomaly
   - dohle bodies

Question 5

NUCLEAR CHANGES

1. Neutrophils have single or bilobed nuclei; decreased segmentation
   - what anomaly
2. Neutrophils show more than 4 lobes; abnormal dna synthesis

Answer 5

1. Hypolobulation
   - Pelger-Huet Anomaly
2. Hypersegmentation

Question 6

Other Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes

1. shrunken and dehydrated nucleus of cells that are about to die
2. Nuclear remnant of lymphocyte, seen after smear preparation
   - seen in
3. Nuclear remnants of granulocytic cell
   - seen in
4. Drumstick like body protrudes
5. fuses primary granules, faggot cells
   - seen in

Answer 6

1. PYKNOTIC CELL
2. SMUDGE CELL
   - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
3. BASKET CELL
   - Chronic Granulocytic Anemia
4. BARR BODY
5. AUER RODS
   - Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Question 7

DEFECTIVE KILLING OF MICROORGANISM

1. granules are normal in content but abnormally packaged
   - stain positive in __,___,___
2. phagocytes ingest but cannot kill catalase (+) organism because of lack of appropriate respiratory burst
   - reaction inside the neutrophil needed for the killing of organism.

Answer 7

1. Chediak – Higashi Anomaly
   - peroxidase, Sudan black B (SBB) & Acid phosphatase (ACP) stains
2. Chronic Granulomatous Disease
   - respiratory burst

Question 8

TESTS FOR NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION:

Chediak – Higashi Anomaly
1. tests migration of N in response to a chemotactic factor
2. evaluates the speed, type and number of phagocytes that respond to a skin abrasion

Chronic Granulomatous Disease
1. screening test for neutrophil function (ability of neutrophils to attack bacteria)
- yellow water soluble dye is reduced to insoluble _____
2. emission of low-level light pulses by stimulated cells

Answer 8

Chediak – Higashi Anomaly
1. Boyden micropore filter
2. Rebuck skin window

Chronic Granulomatous Disease
1. Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction
- blue formazan
2. Chemiluminescence

Question 9

OTHER Appearances:

1. monocyte that engulf a lymphocyte
2. a stimulated or atypical lymphocyte with denser and more opaque cytoplasm
3. notched, lobulated, segmented, clover – leaf like nucleus
4. Neutrophil engulf the lysed nucleus of another neutrophil

Answer 9

1. TART CELL
2. FERRATA CELL
3. RIEDER CELL
4. LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS CELL

Question 10

OTHER Appearances:

1. Round lymph cell with nucleus that is grooved or convoluted
   - only skin is affected by T cells ; initial stage
2. increase in IgA associated w/ multiple myeloma
3. plasma cell that contains small colorless (or blue or pink) vacuoles
   - aka
4. accumulation of IgG found in the cytoplasm & also seen in plasma cell
5. intracellular crystalline structures of abnormal IgG

Answer 10

1. SEZARY CELL
   - Mycosis fungoides
2. FLAME CELL
3. GRAPE CELL
   - MOTT CELL/ MORULA CELL
4. RUSSEL BODIES
5. DUTCHER BODIES

Question 11

INHERITED DISORDERS OF MONOCYTES & MACROPHAGES

Mucopolysaccharidoses

1. most common
2. ____ represents non- metabolized mucopolysaccharide

Answer 11

1. I Hurler’s
2. Alder-Reilly granules

Question 12

INHERITED DISORDERS OF MONOCYTES & MACROPHAGES

___: abnormal lipid metabolism

1. lack of beta - glucosidase
   - a cell wheeencytoplasm is distended with many
2. deficiency of sphingomyelinase
3. accumulation in spleen and BM of histrocytes filled with lipid- rich granules that stain blue green w/ polychrome stains
4. lack of a-galactosidase
5. deficiency of acid esterase
6. Patient is unable to produce HDL

Answer 12

LIPIDOSES

1. GAUCHER’S DISEASE
   - Gaucher cell
2. NIEMANN – PICK DISEASE
3. SEA –BLUE HISTROCYTES
4. FABRY’S DISEASE
5. WOLMAN DISEASE
6. TANGIER’S DISEASE