Types Of hgb

Question 1

Embryonic Hgb
1. Analogue of alpha
2. counterpart of beta, gamma, delta

HbF
1. 6 months
2. after 2 years
3. adults
4. increased in ____

HbA2
1. accounts for ____ of normal adult hb
2. increased in _____

Answer 1

Embryonic Hgb
1. Zeta
2. Epsilon

HbF
1. <8%
2. <2%
3. 1-2%
4. alpha thalassemia

HbA2
1. 1.5-3.5%
2. beta thalassemia

Question 2

CARBOXYHGB

1. critical value
2. 50-70% HbCO causes _____
   - treatment is administration of ______
3. absorption wavelength

rapid tests
4. NaOH test composition
- positive
- negative
5. Dilution test composition
- positive
- negative
6. Tannic acid composition
- positive
- negative

Answer 2

1. 5g of CO/100mL of blood
2. asphyxiation
   - hyperbaric O2
3. 576 nm

rapid tests
4. 40% NaOH + EDTA-blood
- black-brown for HbO2
- red for HbCO
5. 1 mL blood + 50 mL water
- yellowish red for HbO2
- cherry red-pink/ bluish red
6. 1% tannic acid
- black-brown for HbO2
- red for HbCO

Question 3

Methemoglobin/Hemiglobin (Hi)

1. ____ is oxidized into ___
2. ___ of hgb in the body
   - more than this will cause
3. most common symptom of methemoglobinemia manifested by the bluish
   discoloration of toes and fingers due to hypoxia
4. has high affinity with _____
   - when Hi binds with CN, results to
   - Patient is given ____, an oxidizing agent that
   converts Hb into Hi
5. Absorption wavelength

Answer 3

1. Ferrous > Ferric
2. 1.5%
   - Cyanosis
3. Cyanosis
4. cyanide
   - HiCN (Hemiglobincyanide)
   - nitrogen dioxide
5. 630-635

Question 4

MORE TO METHGB

screening tests
1. blood retains its color
2. blood turns red with addition of

maintenance of hgb
1. production of reduced
diphosphopyridine dinucleotide (DPNH or NAD) in the presence of ______
- ___ is an oxidizing agent as it accepts e-
- NAD is reduce to NADH that causes the reduction of ferric into ferrous, this is called _______
2. Production of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH/NADP) in the presence of ______
- occurs in
3. main antioxidant property of red cell

Non-enzymatic maintenance of ferrous in hemoglobin:
1. acid: a reducing agent; strengthens blood vessels
2. accelerates the transfer of electrons

Answer 4

screening tests
1. Aeration
2. 1% methylene blu

maintenance of hgb
1. methemoglobin reductase
- NAD
- NADH methemoglobin reductase system
2. Glucose-6-PO4 dehydrogenase
- hexose monophosphate shunt
3. glutathione

Non-enzymatic maintenance of ferrous in hemoglobin:
1. Ascorbic acid
2. Methylene blue

Question 5

MORE TO METHGB

Conditions of methemoglobinemia
1. commonly attributed
to NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency/diaphorase deficiency
2. results of various amino acid substitutions in the globin chain that directly affects the heme group
- HbM (just give 3)
3, effects of chemical or therapeutic agents
- therapy (2)

Answer 5

1. Inherited enzyme deficiency
2. Inherited Methgb
   - M-Boston
   - M-Iwate
   - M-Hydepark
   3, Acquired or toxic methemoglobinemia
   - ascorbic acid, methylthioninium chloride

Question 6

SULFHGB

1. observed in patients taking _____
2. can precipitate inside the cell causing ____ which is prone to hemolysis
3. imparts ___ color
4. wavelength
5. critical value

Answer 6

1. oxidant drugs
2. Heinz bodies
3. greenish
4. 600-620nm
5. 0.5g/100mK