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Physics > waves > Flashcards

waves Flashcards

1
Q

what are waves

A

the vibration of particles from one to another

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2
Q

devices used to measure the speed of a wave

A

sensor
slow motion video playback
stopwatch

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3
Q

amplitude

A

the maximum displacement from rest

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4
Q

concordant

A

matching data

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5
Q

higher frequency = …

A

shorter wave length

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6
Q

frequency = …

A

amount of waves/time

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7
Q

wavelength =

A

distance/number of waves

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8
Q

angle of instance = …

A

angle of reflection

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9
Q

what happens when a light wave goes from air to water

A

wave slows down
refracts towards the normal
frequency does not change

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10
Q

what happens when a light wave goes from water to air

A

wave speeds up
refracts away from the normal
frequency does not change

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11
Q

longitudinal waves

A

oscilation of particles parallel to the direction of the wave

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12
Q

transverse wave

A

the vibration of particles perpendicular to the direction of the wave

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13
Q

what do waves transfer

A

energy
information

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14
Q

what do electromagnetic waves have in common?

A

travel at the same speed in a vacuum
they are all transverse waves

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15
Q

what does it mean when the spectrum is “continuous”

A

no gaps or pauses in between wavelengths

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16
Q

infared

A

used for short-range communication, e.g. remote controls
bends and stretches molecules

useful for surface heating which Is good for cooking food
causes skin burns

17
Q

microwaves

A

microwaves are not refracted by the atmosphere, which is why they are good for satellite communication
only long microwaves can pass through the atmosphere
good for heating liquids as they only heat up moisture
rotates molecules
causes internal heating of cells
dangerous in a concentrated area

18
Q

radiowaves

A

not used for cooking as its frequency is too low
refracted by the atmosphere
only short radiowaves get through the atmosphere
used for long-distance communication
not dangerous as frequency is too low

19
Q

UV waves

A

damages cells
useful for killing bacteria and tanning
uv cannot get through glass or dense material
uv can go through water

20
Q

explain how uv is used in a florecent lamp

A

the uv absorbs the white coating and emits visible light
absorbs short wavelengths
emits longer wavelengths

21
Q

x rays

A

used for seeing bones
can damage cells

22
Q

explain how xrays are used in bone scanning

A

bone is too dense for xrays to pass through
the dense material will absorb the xrays
less dense material will transmit xrays

23
Q

gamma

A

can kill cancer cells
highest frequency
kills bacteria
can damage cells

24
Q

why can gamma not be used for xrays

A

gamma rays penetrate through denser material

25
Q

what types of wavelengths can pass through the atmosphere

A

long

26
Q

where do radiowaves come from

A

oscilation of electrons

27
Q

how do radiowaves transmit signals

A

a transmitter sends oscillating electrons (radiowaves)
the receiver absorbs the radiowaves and its electrons will oscillate at the same frequency

28
Q

how do UV/Xrays form

A

electrons dropping towards the nucleus
X rays jump closer to the nucleus

29
Q

how gamma radiation forms

A

when an unstable nucleus rearranges itself

30
Q

wavespeed = …..

A

wavelength x frequency

31
Q

what do waves not transfer

A

matter

32
Q

explain why some telescopes are placed in space and others are placed on the earth’s surface
(6 marks)

A

-some stars emit em waves that carry information about them
- these waves are absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere such as UV, gamma, xrays and some microwaves
- by shooting a telescope into space, we can collect all information about the stars as they are outside the atmosphere
- they are able to detect all wavelengths for a more detailed picture
- visible and some microwaves are not absorbed
- making it unnecessary for some telescopes that only need that information to be shot into space

33
Q

what happens when you shine white light at a prism
(6 marks)

A

-as the ray of light travels into the prism, all colours refract towards the normal
- red has the longest wavelength and will refract the normal the least and will travel the fastest
- violet has the shortest wavelength and will refract towards the normal the most and will travel the slowest
- colours will spread out as each colour moves at different speeds because of their different wavelengths
- em waves move at different speeds in denser materials as they are transverse
- colours speed up when they exit the glass
- they refract away from the normal
- all colours get back at the same speed

Physics (11 decks)

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