states of matter

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

• fixed arrangement, vibrate vigorously, fixed position

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

• irregular arrangement, can flow, contacting position

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

• random arrangement, fills its container, no contact/far apart

Question 4

why does temperature not change while changing states

Answer 4

• energy is being used to break bonds

Question 5

what 2 things does heat energy do to particles

Answer 5

internal kinetic energy:
- particles move faster
- temperature goes up

internal potential energy:
- breaking bonds between particles
- particles spread apart
- temp stays the same

Question 6

specific heat capacity

Answer 6

• how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius

Question 7

specific latent heat fusion

Answer 7

• energy needed to turn one kg of a solid to a liquid at its melting point

Question 8

equation for energy using heat capacity

Answer 8

energy = mass x heat capacity x change in temp
E=MCDelaTheta

Question 9

equation for energy using latent heat fusion

Answer 9

energy = mass x latent heat
E=ML

Question 10

ways to make heat capacity experiment more accurate

Answer 10

stir, add an insulator to prevent heat from escaping

Question 11

describe a displacement experiment

Answer 11

• fill displacement can with water until it stops dripping
• place object in the can
• measure volume in the cylinder
• only works if the object is denser than water, in which case you would push your finger but not too far as to not tamper the experiment

Question 12

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 12

• particles exert force through collisions to generate an area of pressure
• increasing temperature increases pressure as particles move faster due to more kinetic energy resulting in them exerting a greater force

Question 13

calculation for pressure

Answer 13

pressure = force/area

Question 14

absolute 0

Answer 14

-273 celcius, the lowest temperature possible
zero on the kelvin scale

Question 15

describe a specific heat capacity experiment (6 marks)

Answer 15

• measure the temperature of the boiling water
• allow sufficient time for object to reach temperature
  of boiling water
• transfer the object to a beaker of cold water
• stir and measure temperature of the water
• calculate temp rise of water by subtracting initial from final temperature
• calculate temp drop of the object by subtracting final temperature from 100

Process results:
use the equation: E = MCDeltaTheta
C = thermal energy transferred ÷ (mass of object x temp drop of object)