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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

vector

A

size and direction

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2
Q

scalar

A

size only

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3
Q

examples of vector

A

weight
displacement
force
acceleration
velocity

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4
Q

examples of scalars

A

speed
distance
energy
time
temperature

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5
Q

unit of force

A

newtons-N

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6
Q

unit for mass

A

kilograms - KG

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7
Q

unit for weight

A

newtons - N
or
newtons per kilogram - N/Kg

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8
Q

unit for energy

A

joules - J

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9
Q

speed =..

A

distance/time

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10
Q

what does a diagonal ( / ) line mean in a distance time graph

A

the speed is constant

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11
Q

what does a horizontal ( — ) line mean on a distance time graph

A

stationary

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12
Q

acceleration =…

A

(v - u) / t

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13
Q

what does a diagonal ( / ) line mean on a velocity time graph

A

constant acceleration

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14
Q

what does a straight ( — ) line mean on a velocity time graph

A

constant speed

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15
Q

how to find distance using a speed time graph

A

area under the graph
try to split it into triangles and rectangles

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16
Q

area of triangle

A

(bxh)/2

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17
Q

resultant force

A

the force leftover from adding two forces

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18
Q

newtons first law

A

a moving object will continue to move at the same speed and direction unless an external force acts on it

a stationary object will remain stationary unless an external force acts on it

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19
Q

how can an object moving in a circle be accelerating?

A

the direction is changing, meaning the velocity is changing, so there is a constant acceleration as acceleration is the change in velocity

20
Q

centripetal force

A

the resultant force towards the centre of the cirlcle
acceleration is always in the direction of the resultant force

21
Q

newtons second law

A

size of acceleration means the size of the force
direction of the acceleration must be the direction of the force

22
Q

force = ….

A

mass x acceleration

23
Q

equation for force using momentum

A

f=mv-mu/t

24
Q

how does an airbag save you from large injuries?

A

increases the time for the human to stop
so there is a longer change of momentum overtime
which reduces the force

25
Q

equation for impulse

A

force x time

26
Q

impulse definition

A

average force and time of contact for a collision

27
Q

if force is applied for longer then momentum is…..

A

greater

28
Q

newtons third law

A

If A exerts a force on B, then B exerts an equal but opposite force on A
e.g, I push on a wall, the wall pushes back at me

29
Q

momentum = …

A

mass x velocity

30
Q

efficiency = …

A

useful energy/total energy

31
Q

what is meant by closed system?

A

no outside forces acting on an objetc

32
Q

thinking distance = …

A

speed x reaction time

33
Q

stopping distance = …

A

thinking distance + breaking distance

34
Q

when you double the speed, the thinking distance…

A

doubles

35
Q

if you double the speed, you quadruple the…

A

breaking distance
and kinetic energy
this is because breaking distance is linked to kinetic energy and it takes 4 x the distance to remove 4 x the energy

36
Q

breaking distance

A

the distance covered to transfer all the kinetic energy of the car to heat energy in the breaks

37
Q

kinetic energy = …

A

0.5 x m x v^2

38
Q

exam style question:
a man falls at a constant speed, as he falls he is losing GPE. Where does that energy go?

A

since the man is falling at a constant velocity, the energy is most likely transferred into heat energy from friction with air resistance, which dissipates into its surroundings

39
Q

weight = …

A

mass x gravity, (10)

40
Q

what happens to wasted energy

A

dissipates into its surroundings

41
Q

what happens to the GPE when an object accelerates downwards

A

GPE is being transferred to kinetic energy

42
Q

V^2 - U^2 = …

A

2 x a x d

43
Q

GPE = …

A

mass x gravitational field strength x height

44
Q

practical question:
why is the ramp slanted during a trolley cart experiment?

A

this reduces the external forces, friction, from ruining the experiement

45
Q

practical question:
why can weights only be transferred from the cart to the hanger during the trolley experiment?

A

the mass cannot change otherwise it would ruin the experiment

46
Q

explain why the actual speed of an object just before it hits the floor would be different from traditional calculations?
(2 marks)

A
  • some of the energy would be transferred to heat into the surroundings
  • so the speed would be less than calculated
47
Q

Describe one way in which energy is transferred inefficiently when you ride a bicycle
(2 marks)

A
  • friction in the chains will transfer energy into heat

Physics (11 decks)

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