Wave 3: Cognitive & Behaviourism Flashcards
Name the different waves within Wave 3
Wave 1: Behaviourism
Wave 2: Cognitive (REBT) (CBT)
Wave 3: Mindfulness (ACT)
What is the Cognitive approach type?
Modernist
What is the behaviourism approach type?
Modernist
Who developed Behaviourism?
Skinner and Pavlov
Who developed cognitive?
Ellis (REBT) and Beck (CBT)
Who developed the Mindfulness approach?
Harris (ACT)
How does the behaviourism approach view people?
- individuals behaviour is a product of their learning
- old behaviours can be extinguished while new ones can be established
What experiment was used for behaviourism?
- Little albert - making him scared of something because a loud sound would come
- Pavlov’s dog
Where does behaviourism believe problems come from?
from what the child has learnt
How does behaviourism support change?
extinguish or eliminate learned maladaptive behaviours and replace them with adaptive behaviours using positive or negative reinforcement or punishment - star charts, naughty chairs
How does the cognitive approach see people?
- thoughts are the primary cause of problems - therapy focusses on thought patterns
- a psychoeducational model - therapy is a learning process
- clients learn new ways of thinking and developing coping skills
What is the CBT model?
thoughts feelings behaviour
What is the ABC model?
A - activating event
B - perception of the event guided by our rational or irrational beliefs
C - our belief determines the consequence
A does not cause C, B influences C
Where does the cognitive approach believe problems come from?
Schemas
- underlying core beliefs often learned in childhood
- can be adaptive or maladaptive
- act as filters
What are negative schemas prone to?
negative automatic thoughts
What schema is this situation an example of: you have a bad day at work and you walk past your friend and they ignore you. You think they must not like you, you feel sad, you have low energy as a response and you call another friend to complain about the friend who you walked pass
A maladaptive schema
What schema is this situation an example of: you have a bad day at work and you walk past your friend and they ignore you. You think they look pre-occupied, you feel concerned about your friend, you do not physically react and so you phone your friend to check-in
An adaptive schema
What are the types of negative automatic thoughts?
- selective abstraction
- arbitrary inferences
- overgeneralisation
- magnification and minimisation
- labelling and mislabelling
- personalisation
- dichotomous or black/white thinking
- mental filtering
- mind-reading
- emotional reasoning
- catastrophising
- should statements
What is selective abstraction?
forming conclusions based on isolated events
What are arbitrary inferences?
draw conclusions about events without sufficient evidnce
What is overgeneralisation?
holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident
What is magnification and minimisation?
events are exaggerated or underplayed
What is labelling and mislabelling?
the affective reaction is proportional to the descriptive labelling of the event rather than to the actual intensity of a traumatic situation
What is personalisation?
relating external events to ourselves even when no basis for connection
